篇1：高三英语总复习学案(人教版).doc(人教版高考复习英语选修九学案设计)
Chapter I SB I Units 1 - 2
☆重点句型☆
1. What should a friend be like? 询问对方的看法
2. I think he / she should be…表示个人观点的词语
4. Chuck is on a flight when suddenly his plane crashes.
“when“作并列连词的用法
5. What / Who / When / Where is it that...? 强调句的
特殊疑问句结构
... “with+宾语+宾补”的结构做状语
7. Can you tell me how to pronounce...? 带连接副词
(或代词)的不定式做宾补的用法
☆重点词汇☆
1. especially v. 特别地
2. imagine v. 想像
3. alone adv. / adj. 单独，孤独的
4. interest n. 兴趣
5. everyday adj. 每天的，日常的
6. deserted adj. 抛弃的
7. hunt v. 搜寻
8. share v. 分享
9. care v. 在乎，关心
10. total n. 总数
11. majority n. 大多数
12. survive v. 生存，活下来
13. adventure n. 冒险
14. scared adj. 吓坏的
15. admit v. 承认
16. while conj. 但是，而
17. boring adj. 令人厌烦的
18. except prep. 除……之外
19. quality n. 质量
20. favourite adj. 最喜爱的
☆重点短语☆
1. be fond of爱好
2. treat…as…把……看作为……
3. make friends with 与……交朋友
4. argue with sb. about / over sth. 与某人争论某事
5. hunt for寻找
6. in order to为了
7. share…with与……分享
8. bring in引进；赚钱
9. a great / good many许多…
10. have difficulty (in) doing做……有困难
11. end up with以……结束
12. except for除……之外
14. make(a)fire生火
15. make yourself at home别拘束
16. the majority of大多数
17. drop sb. a line给某人写短信
18. for the first time第一次
19. at all根本；竟然
20. have a (good) knowledge of…精通……
☆短语闯关☆
下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?
l. be fond ____ 喜欢，爱好 of
2. hunt ____ 搜索。追寻，寻找 for
3. in to ____ 为了 order
4. care ____ 担心，关心 about
5. such ____ 例如，诸如 as
6. drop sb a ____ 给某人写信(通常指写短信) line
7. make oneself at ____ 别客气 home
8. ____ total 总共 in
9. except ____ 除了……之外 for
10. stay ____ 不睡，熬夜 up
12. end ____ with 以……告终 up
13. bring ____ 引进，引来 in
14. a great ____ 许许多多，极多 many
15. be ____ 对……深感兴趣，深深迷上…… into
17. ____ classes 逃学，逃课 skip
18. get ____ 聚会，相聚，聚集 together
19. be proud ____ 为……感到骄傲 of
20. keep an ____ on 照看，注意 eye
21. be curious ____ 对……感到好奇 about
22. shut ____ (使)住口 up
23. joke ____ 开玩笑 about
24. ____ the name of 以……名义 in
25. ____ the time 总是，一直 all
☆交际用语☆
1. I think…
I like / love / hate...
I enjoy...
My interests are...
2. Did you have a good flight?
You must be very tired.
Just make yourself at home.
I beg your pardon?
Can you tell me how to pronounce...?
Get it.
☆单词聚焦☆
1. argue v. 的用法
▲构词：argument n. 1. [C]争论 2. [U]讨论．辩论3. [C]论据
▲ 搭配：
① argue with / against sb. over / on / about sth. 与某人 争论某事
② argue for / against sth. 辩论赞成／反对某事
③ argue that... 主张，认为，争辩说
④ argue sb into / out of doing sth. 说服某人做／不做某事
▲友情提示：“说服某人做／不做某事”还可表达为：talk / persuade / reason sb. into / out of doing sth.
⑤ settle the argument 解决争端
▲友情提示：an argument with sb about / over sth. 为某事和某人而发生的争执
【考例】What laughing ____ we had about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti (意大利式细面条) from plate to mouth. (全国卷I)
A. speeches B. lessons C. sayings D. arguments
[考查目标] argue名词形式的词义。
[答案与解析] D argument的词义是“争辩，辩论”。
【考例】 ____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (2004湖北)
3. consider v. 的用法
▲构词：consideration n. 考虑，思考；体谅，顾及
▲搭配：① consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 ② consider sb (to be / as)... 认为／觉得某人……③ consider that- clause 认为…… ④ take sth into consideration 考虑 ⑤ under consideration 在考虑中
A. to invent B. inventing
C. to have invented D. having invented
[考查目标] consider的几种常见用法。
[答案与解析] C consider本身是被动语态时，后接不定式的各种结构。如果表示已经发生的事情．用不定式的完成形式。
4. deserted adj. 空无一人的；被遗弃的；被抛弃的
(1) 空无一人的a deserted street / area空无一人的街道，地区；The office was quite deserted.办公室里空无一人。
(2) 被遗弃的 a deserted child 被遗弃的孩子
(3) desert ['dezot] n. 沙漠
desert [dI'zo:t] vt. 丢弃；遗弃
5. difficulty n.
(1) difficulty (通常作复数) 难事，难点，难题She met with many difficulties when travelling.
(2) 在以下句型中，difficulty是不可数名词，不能用复数形式。
have (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.
干某事有困难
there is (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.
have (some) difficulty with sth.
在某事上有困难
there is (some) difficulty with sth.
do sth. with difficulty / without difficulty 困难地／轻而易举地做某事
We had a lot of difficulty in finding your house.
Do you have any difficulty with your English?
【注意】
(1) 以上句型中，difficulty前可加some, little, much, a lot of, no, any修饰
(2) 以上句型中，亦可用trouble来代替difficulty。
6. favourite = favorite (A. E) 最喜爱的；最喜爱的人或事物
(1) adj. 最喜爱的My favorite sport is playing football.
(2) n. [C] 最喜爱的人或事物He is a favorite with his uncle.
7. fun的用法
▲构词：funny adj. 有趣的．滑稽的，好笑的；奇特的，古怪的
▲搭配：
① make fun of 取笑；嘲弄；开某人的玩笑
② (just)for / in fun = (just) for the fun of it 取乐，非认真地，说／做着玩的
③ be full of fun…… 很好玩
④ have fun with sb. 和某人开一个玩笑
⑤ have (some) fun 玩得(很)高兴，玩得(很)开心
⑥ It's (great) fun to do sth干某事很有趣；干某事真是一件趣事；干某事真开心
⑦ What fun (it is) to do sth! 干某事多么有趣呀!
⑧ have a lot of fun doing sth 干某事玩得很开心
【考例】 (200上海春招) This is not a match. We're play- ing chess just for ____.
A. habit B. hobby C. fun D. game
[考查目标] fun构成的短语for fun的意思。
[答案与解析]C，for fun 常在句中用作状语，意思是“说／做着玩的”。
8. imagine的用法
▲构词：① imagination n. [C / U] 想像，想像力，想像的事物 ② imaginative adj. 富有想像力的
▲搭配：① imagine sth / doing sth ② beyond (all) imagination (完全)出乎意料地
【考例】 I can hardly imagine Peter ___across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (MET 1991)
A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed
[考查目标] imagine的基本用法。
[答案与解析] C imagine后接动词的-ing形式，本句的Peter是这个动名词的逻辑主语。
9. interest的用法
▲构词：① interesting 令人感兴趣的(事物) ② interested (某人对某事)有兴趣的
▲搭配：① interest sb in sth 使某人注意，关心或参入某事；使某人对某事感兴趣 ② be interested in 对……感兴趣(关心) ③have an interest in sth. / in doing sth. 对某方面有兴趣 (关心)；在……中有股份、权益等 ④ hold one's interest 吸引住某人的兴趣 ⑤ in the interest(s) of 为……利益；为……起见；对……有利 ⑥ lose interest in 对……不再感兴趣 ⑦ show / take (an) interest in / in doing sth. 对……表示关心(有兴趣) ⑧ have / take / feel no interest in 对……不 (不太) 感兴趣 ⑨ with interest 有兴趣地，津津有味地 ⑩develop / find / feel interest in sth. / in doing sth. 在某方面培养／有兴趣 lose interest in sth. / in doing sth. 对某方面失去兴趣
有时interest可与不定冠词连用。He developed an interest in science.
另外：interest作“爱好”解时，是可数名词。 His interests include reading and tennis.
【考例】____, they immediately suggested that she put them together to make a single one long story and paid Tracy a $50,000 advance. (2004全国卷 II)
A. Interested B. Anxiously
C. Seriously D. Encouraged
[考查目标] interest派生词的词义和用法。
[答案与解析] A interested指(出版商)对这件事有兴趣。
10. prove的用法
▲构词：① proof n. 证据。试验，考验，(印刷)校样
▲搭配：① prove sth to sb 向某人证实…… ② prove to sb that 从句向某人证实…… ③ prove (oneself) to be 证明(自己)是，表现出
【考例】It was in the neighboring country - United States that such resistance to spray was first ____. (05长春模拟)
A. proved B. killed C. thought D. discussed
[考查目标] 考查prove的意思。
[答案与解析] A 本题was proved的意思是“得到证实”，有被动意味。
11. provide的用法
▲构词：① provider n. 供给者，供应者，养家者 ② provided / providing conj. 倘若
▲搭配：provide sb with sth / sth to sb 给……提供；以……装备
【考例】His son ____ the old man with all the food and the money he needed.
A. provided B. fed C. afforded D. charred
[考查目标]考查provide的词义。
[答案与解析]A provide与with搭配，意思是“向某人提供某物”。
12. share的用法
▲搭配：① share (in) sth. with sth. 和某人分享、分担、共用某物 ② share sth (out) between / among... 将某物分配、分给…… ③ share joys / happiness and sorrows (with sb) (和某人) 同甘共苦 ④ share one's opinion 同意某人的意见
【考例】Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare - you must learn to ____. (NMET )
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
[考查目标] 此题主要考查在语境中选择动词的能力。
[答案与解析] D 四个选项的含义分别为：support 支持；care 在意，关心；spare 挤出(时间)，匀出某物；share分享，分担，与某人合用。根据语境可知说话者是想让Clare学会与人共享--把玩具(拿出来)和Harry一起玩，share在此意为“合用玩具”，解此题的关键是信息play with your toys as well。故D为最佳答案。
13. solve的用法
▲构词：solution n. 1. [C] (问题的)解答；(困难的)解决方法 2. [U] 解答，解决 3. [U] 溶解
▲搭配：the solution to 解决……的办法
【考例3】In the end, one suggestion seems to be the solution ____ the problem. (北京春招)
A. with B. into C. for D. to
[考查目标] solve名词solution的相关搭配。
[答案与解析] D “对于……的解决办法”，介词用to。
14. total n. / adj. 全部(的)
(1) in total 加起来In total, there must have been 20000 people there.
(2) a total of 总共His expenses (支出) reached a total of $100.
(3) the total of...……的总数 The total 0f the bill is 230 dollars.
15. when conj.
when并列连词，= and then，表示“就在那时，突然”，常见以下句型中：
(1) be doing...when...正在做……突然……I was wandering through the streets when l caught sight of a tailor's shop.
(2) had done...when...刚做了……突然……I had just sat down when the light went out.
(3) be about to do...when...刚要做……突然……I was just about to go swimming when our guide saw me and shouted at me.
16. while conj.
(1) while从属连词，引导时间状语从句，从句动词用延续性动词，主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程之中。Come on, get these things away while I make the tea.
(2) 并列连词，表前后两个分句意义相反或相对，意为“然而”。Some people waste food while others haven't enough.
(3) 放在句首，表示“尽管；虽然”，相当于although。While we don't agree, we continue to be friendly.
[牛刀小试1] 用所给单词的适当形式填空：
1. All the novels are considered ____ the young readers in the 1980s. (to have interested)
2. Bob thought it ____ to solve maths problems while others hated it. (fun)
3. The headmaster ignored the ____ between Mrs. Wang and his nephew. (argument)
4. We can't decide. The plan needs to be ____. (considered)
5. ____ with Class Two, ours has more boy students. (Compared)
6. I find a better way ____ this problem. (to solve)
【词语比较】
1. especially, specially
especially adv. 特殊地；尤其是
(1)侧重于多种事物或人中比较突出的。I like all the subjects at school, especially English. (尤其是英语)
(2) especially 后可接介词短语或从句。I like the Yuelu Mountains, especially in spring. (尤其是在春天) Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep.
specially 侧重特意地、专门地做某事 (后面常接for sb. 或to do sth.)
I made a chocolate cake specially for you.
2. boring, bored, bore
boring adj. 令人厌烦的 The book is very boring.
bored adj. 感到厌烦的 I'm bored with the book.
bore vt. 令人厌烦 This book bores me.
有些表示情感的及物动词，有与bore类似的用法。如：interest, excite, surprise, amaze, frighten, astonish, move, inspire, touch, scare, disappoint, puzzle, worry 这类词的现在分词形式，为“令人……”；过去分词形式，为“感到……”。
3. except for, except, but, besides
表示“除了”的词或短语有：except; but; except for; besides; except that (when...) 等。
(1) except 和 but 都表示“除了……之外。没有”，二者大多数情况下可以互换；但在no, all, nobody, nothing, no one 等词后多用 but。No one knows our teacher's address except / but him. (排除him)
(2) besides 除……之外，还……，有附加性。What other foreign languages do you know besides English? (English与other languages都属于know的范围)
(3) except for 只不过……，整体肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同类事物，for表示细节上的修正。 Your article is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.
4. know, know of, know about
(1) know 用作动词，意思是“(直接地)获知，懂得，认识，熟悉”。I don't know whether he is here or not. / I know him to be honest.
(2) know of和know about的意思都是“(间接地)获知”，指听别人说到或从书报上看到，二者没有什么区别。
5. for example; such as
(1) for example“例如”，用来举例说明某一论点或情况。一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。可用for instance替换。For example, air is invisible. / His spelling is terrible! Look at this word, for example.
[注意]如把前面所述情况全部举出，用that is或namely。
☆短语归纳☆
1. 含all的短语
1) first of all 首先 (强调顺序)
2) in all (=in total=altogether) 总共
3) after all 毕竟，终究
4) at all 到底，根本
5) above all 最重要的是 (强调重要性)
6) not (...) at all (= not (...) in the least) 根本不，一点也不
7) all the time 始终，一直
8) all of a sudden (=suddenly) 突然，冷不防
9) all right 行，可以
10) all at once 立刘，马上
11) all day and all night 日日夜夜
12) all over 遍及
13) all alone 独个儿，独立地
14) all but 几乎，差一点
15) all in all 总的说来
16) all together 一道，同时，总共
17) for all 尽管
[例句] I woke up and didn't hear him at all. 我醒了，一点儿也没有听到他说话。/ He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了很多跤，以至于浑身青一块紫一块的。/ You shouldn't scold her. After all, she is only five years old. 你不应该责怪他，毕竟，她只有五岁。/ Children need many things, but above all, they need love. 孩子需要许多东西，最重要的是，需要爱。/ You must have known it all the time. 你一定一直知道这事。
【考例】 People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. ____, she is a great musician. (2004甘肃、青海)
A. After all B. As a result C. In other words D. As usual
[考查目标] 主要考查四个短语的用法。
[答案与解析] A after all意为“毕竟．终究”；as a result意为“结果”；in other words意为“换句话说”；as usual意为“像往常一样”。本句意思是：虽然人们对她看法不一。但我还是佩服她。因为她毕竟是一个伟大的音乐家。
A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all
[考查目标] 主要考查all构成的四个短语。
[答案与解析] B in all意为“总共”；above all意为“最重要的是”； after all 意为“毕竟”；at all 意为“到底”。本句话意思是：我想买一个房子，现代的、舒服的，但最重要的是在一个安静的地区。
2. at all
(1)用在肯定句中，“竟然” I'm surprised that you came at all.
(2)用在否定句中，“一点也不” There was nothing to worry about at all.
(3)用在疑问句中，“到底”“究竟” Have you been there at all?
(4)用在条件句中，“真的，确实” If you do it at all, do it well.
3. 含“be + 形容词 + 介词”的短语
1) be good at 擅长于
2) be interested in 对……感兴趣
3) be pleased / satisfied / content with 对……满意
4) be famous for 因……而出名
5) be kind / good to 对……好
6) be lost in 沉湎于
7) be active in 在某方面积极
8) be sure about / of 确信
9) be afraid of 害怕
10) be full of 充满
11) be filled with 充满
12) be made of / from 由……组成
13) be generous to 对……慷慨
14) be popular with 受欢迎
15) be confident of 确信
16) be fond of 喜欢，喜爱
17) be angry with / at 对……发脾气
18) be late for 迟到
19) be amazed / surprised / astonished / shocked at 对……感到惊讶
20) be busy doing 忙着做……
21) be excited about 对……感到兴奋
22) be worried about 担心
23) be used for / as 用于
24) be curious about 对……好奇
【考例l】(重庆)
-- You know, Bob is a little slow ____ understanding, so...
-- So I have to be patient ____ him.
A. in; with B. on; with C. in; to D. at; for
[考查目标] 同定搭配中介词的选择。
[答案与解析] A be slow in 意为“在……方面反应迟钝”，be patient with 意为“对……有耐心”。
4. end up with...以……结束
(1) end up with + n. 以……结束
The party ended up with the singing of Auld Lang Syne.
(2) end up as...最后成为…He will end up as a president some day.
(3) end up + 地点状语最后(有……结局) If you drive your car like that, you'll end (up) in hospital.
5. “make + 名词” 短语
① make a noise 吵闹
② make faces 做鬼脸，做苦脸
③ make room for 给……腾出地方
④ make the bed 整理床铺
⑤ make phone calls 打电话
⑥ make friends with 交朋友
⑦ make money 赚钱
⑧ make use of 利用
⑨ make a decision 做出决定
⑩ make a mistake 犯错误
[例句] The boy made a face at his teacher when she turned her back. 老师转身时，男孩朝老师做了个鬼脸。
Working in the kitchen made the boy into a good cook. 在厨房里干活使男孩成为一位优秀厨师。
They were moved out to a nearby hotel, to make room for more important persons. 为了给更重要的人物腾出
地方，他们被搬到了附近的一家旅店。
【考例】 The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to ____. (北京春招)
A. make it out B. make it off
C. make it up D. make it over
[考查目标] 主要考查make短语。
[答案与解析] A make out意为“领悟、弄明白、发现真相” make off 意为“连忙跑掉”；make up 意为“弥补、打扮、组成”；make over 意为“转让、改造”。因为受到迷惑，所以应该是试图发现真相。
【考例】
-- When shall we start?
-- Let's ____ it at 8:30. Is that all right? (北京)
A. set B. meet C. make D. take
[考查目标] 此题主要考查 make 短语。
[答案与解析] C make it“规定时间”为固定短语。本句话意思是“把出发的时间定在8点半”。set意思是“对时间”、“调时间”。
6. make fire点火
有以下fire (n.) 短语: be on fire 着火了(表示状态) / catch fire 燃着；着火(表示动作) / play with fire 玩火；干冒险的事 / Set sth. on fire = set fire to sth. 放火烧…… / make (a) fire 点火；生火 / start (cause) a fire引起火灾
[注意] fire作“火灾”“一堆火”解时，为可数名词。
7. a great / good many许多
(1) a great / good many + 名词复数，中间无“of”。A great many people have seen the film.
(2) a great / good many + of + the / these / those / one's + 名词复数 A great many of the people have seen the film.
8. make yourself at home 别拘束
(1) make yourself at home 别拘束(主人对客人说的委婉语) -- Good evening, Jim. -- Good evening, Mary. Come in and make yourself at home.
(2) (all) by oneself 独自(没有别人帮助) You can't possibly do it all by yourself.
(3) enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得高兴 Please enjoy yourself while you're spending your holiday in Hawaii.
(4) for oneself 亲自; 为自己The student wants to think it for himself. / One should not live for oneself alone.
(5) of oneself 自动地The door closed of itself suddenly.
(6) be oneself 身体或情绪好 I am not myself today.
(7) help oneself to + n. / pron. 随便…… Please help yourself to the fish．
(8) in oneself 本身 This is not a bad idea in itself.
(10) between ourselves 私下说的话 All this is between ourselves.
9. the majority of... 大多数的……
(1) a / the majority of + 名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词多用复数。the majority 单独作主语，谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可。The majority of people seem to prefer watching games to playing games./ The majority were (was) in favour of the proposal.
(2) by a majority of + 数字，以超过……票的多数She won the election by a majority of 900 votes.
10. treat … as … 把…看做… The kind lady treated me as her own daughter.
【比较】 表示“认为”的短语还有：
regard…as… consider…(as)… think of…as…
look on / upon…as… take…for…
[注意] 在consider…as…短语中as可省略，其他短语中不可。
[牛刀小试2]
1. If you are ____ about Australian cities, just read the book written by Dr. Johnson.
A. interested B. anxious C. upset D. curious
2. Her son, ____ whom she was so ____, went abroad 10 years ago.
A. of; loved B. for; cared
C. to; devoted D. on; affected
3. In order to continue to learn by ourselves when we have left school, we must ____ learn how to study in the school now.
A. in all B. after all C. above all D. at all
4. -- I am sorry I didn't do a good job.
-- Never mind. ____, you have tried your best.
A. Above all B. In all
C. At all D. After all
5. Since we can't find a bigger apartment, we'll have to ____ what we have.
A. hope for the best B. make room for
C. make the best of D. lay our hope on
(DCCDC)
【句型归纳】
这两句中nor与so用于倒装结构。例如：I don't know, nor do I care. 我不知道，也不关心。so的常见句型有：
(1) so + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 (意为“主语也 ……” )
(2) neither / nor + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语(意为“主语也不……” )
(3) so it is / was with sb / sth和so it is / was the same with sb / sth (意为“主语也……” ) (用在前文有两个或以上的从句，而且分句有不同的谓语或既有肯定又有否定以及既有系动词义有行为动词的情况)
(4) so + 主语 + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 (意为“主讲确实如此”)，表示进一步肯定。
(5) 主语 + did + so (意为“主语按照吩咐做了”)。
【考例】 Mary never does any reading in the evening, ____. (2005全国 III)
A. so does John B. John does too
C. John doesn't too D. nor does John
[考查目标] nor表示“也不”引导的倒装结构。
[答案与解析] D 由never可以判断该句为否定句。空格处句意为“约翰也没读书”。nor, so, neither可引起倒装句。
2. Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends. 查克是个生意人，他总是那么忙，几乎没有时间和朋友在一起。
该句中so...that... 和such...that... 都能连接结果状讲从句，但要注意词序不同。例如：Joan is such a lonely girl that all of us like her. = She is so lovely a girl that we all like her.
常见句型：
(1) such + a / an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that clause
(2) such + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 + that clause
(3) such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that clause
(4) so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + that clause
(5) so + 形容词 / 副词 + that clause
(6) so + many / few + 复数可数名词 + that clause
(7) so + much / little + 不可数名词 + that clause
注意：① 当little不表示数量“少”而表示“小”的意思时，仍然 要用such。② 当so + adj. / adv. 或 such + n. 位于句首时，主句需要倒装。
【考例】 So difficult ____ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English. (2001上海)
A. I have felt B. have I felt
C. I did feel D. did I feel
[考查目标] so + adj. 位于句首时，主句倒装。
[答案与解析] D A、C语序不对，排除。B时态不对。
3. One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes. 一天，查克在飞越太平洋时．他的飞机突然坠毁了。
该句中的“when”表示“正在这时”，相当于and just或and at that time. 这时不能用while / as 替换。
常见句型：(1) be about to do sth when... (2) be doing sth when... (3) be on the point of doing sth when...
【考例】We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly the storm started. (2004北京春招)
A. when B. while C. until D. before
[考查目标] ”when“ 作连词，表示“正在这时”。
[答案与解析] A 意为“我正在湖中游泳，突然暴风雨来了。”只有when才能用于这种句型。
4. He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire. 他不得不学会收集淡水．寻找食物，生火什么的。
该句中的“how I to collect...”为动词不定式短语作宾语。例如：We must decide which one to buy. 疑问词which, what, how, when, where等与小定式构成不定式短语。
【考例】 I've worked with children before, so I knew what ____ in my new job. (NMET 2000)
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
[考查目标] what to do sth 不定式短语作宾语。
[答案与解析] B 该句需要填非谓语动词。排除A、D。句意为“以前我与孩子在一块儿工作过。因此我知道我的新工作需要什么。”C不表示进行，排除C。
5. In order to survive, Chuck developed a friendship with an unusual friend - a volleyball he called Wilson. 为了生存下去，查克和一位不寻常的朋友--“排球”建立了友谊，查克叫他威尔森。
1. 该句中的”in order to“，意思为“为了，以便”，作目的 状语。在句子中作同的状语的常见句型有五种结构：to do sth / in order to do sth / so as to do sth / in order that clause / so that clause
注意：(1) so as to do sth 不能位于句首。(2) 如果主句与从句的主语一致时，四个结构可以相互转换。(3) 在in order that / so that 引导的从句中，谓语动词常与can, could, may, might 等情态动词连用。
【考例】(2005北京) I'd like to arrive 20 minutes early ____ I can have time for a cup of tea.
A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that
[考查目标] 目的状语。
[答案与解析]D as soon as “一…就…”；as a result“结果是”；in case “万一”；so that“以便，为的是”。句意：“我想提前二十分钟到以便有时间喝杯茶”。
2. 该句子中 volleyball 是作同位语。例如：He advised farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones that had the best color.
注意：这种同位语(不是同位语从句)与非限制性定语从句的区别。
【考例】(NMET 2002) Meeting my uncle after these years was an unforgotten moment, ____ I will always treasure.
A. that B. one C. it D. what
[考查目标] one作同位语，指代a moment。
[答案与解析] B that不能引导非限制性定语从句，排除A；if不能作同位语，排除C；what既不能引导非限制定语从句，也不能作同位语。可以填which，这样就成了非限制性定语从句。
6. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed. 长期以来，美国英语保持不变，但英国英语变化了。
1. 该句中的“while”用作并列连词．表示前后对比，意为 “然而”。“while“充当连词，还能引导时间状语从句。意为“during the time that…”；引导让步状语从句，意 为“although…”。
【考例】(NMET 2003) Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will ____ fresh for several days.
A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
[考查目标] 系动词的用法。
[答案与解析] B 系动词没有被动语态，一般不用进行
时态，排除A、C；句意不是表示完成，排除D。系动词表示状态。
7. for the first time 第一次
(1) for the first time 第一次，后面不加从句，在句中作状语 They came to Beijing for the first time.
(2) the first time 名词短语，在从句中充当连词，后接时间状语从句，不接that，when等连词。有同样用法的短语还有：every time; next time; the last time
They liked Beijing the first time they went there.
(3) It's / This is the first time that + 从句(用现在完成时)这是……的第一次 It's the first time that I have ever been abroad at all.
8. What is it that...? 是什么……?
强调句的用法：
(1) 结构：It is / It was (过去时间) + 被强调部分 + that / who (专指人) + 其他部分
(2) 用法：除了谓语动词不能强调，句子的每部分均可强调。 Jim met the student in the street last week.
主语 宾语 地点状语 时间状语
强调主语：It was Jim who / that met the student in the street last week.
强调宾语：It was the student whom / that Jim met in the street last week.
强调地点状语：It was in the street that Jim met the student last week.
强调时间状语：It was last week that Jim met the student in the street.
(3) 注意点：
一般疑问句的强调句：
Was it Dr Wang who spoke to you just now?
特殊疑问句的强凋句：
Who is it that will visit our class?
Where is it that he has gone?
When was it that she went?
not … until … 用于强调句：
It was not until then that I realized I was wrong.
[牛刀小试3]
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I
C. Same with me D. So do I
2. We can't imagine ____ little mice can eat up ____ many crops every year.
A. so; so B. such; so C. such; such D. so; so
3. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park ____ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.
A. when B. while C. since D. once
4. It is said in Australia there is more land than the govern- ment knows ____. (NMET 2002)
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
5. Roses need special care ___they can live through winter.
(2004 天津)
A. because B. so that C. even if D. as
(BBACB)
【交际速成】
1. Talking about likes and dislikes. 谈论喜欢和不喜欢
-- I enjoy Chinese food very much. -- ____. (03东北三校)
A. Please taste quickly B. Have more, please
C. Help yourself D. Eat slowly while it is hot
[答案与解析]C本题主要考查具体语境下“对事物喜好”的表达及应答。A项不礼貌，B、D两项属汉语习惯，C项符合此时英语语境。
【归纳】英语中常见表达喜欢和不喜欢态度的用语有：
(1) This book is very interesting.
(2) I like / love the movie (very much).
(4) I like taking photos.
(5) I enjoy listening to music.
(6) I'm interested in science. My hobbies / interests are...
(7) He is fond of music.
(8) This song is bad / awful.
(9) I don't like the movie very much / at all.
(10)I don't enjoy collecting stamps.
(11)I hate to do homework. I hate dancing,
(12)I'm not into classic music.
(13)I think that classic music is terrible / boring.
2. Making apologies 道歉
-- I'm sorry I'm calling you so late. -- ____ Okay.
(2003北京春招)
A. This is B. You're C. That's D. I'm
[答案与解析] C 本题主要考查英语中道歉及应答用语。A、B、D三项不符合交际英语的习惯，故C项正确。
【归纳】英语中常见道歉用语有：
(1) I'm very sorry. I didn't mean to (hurt your feelings).
(2) I'm terribly sorry about that.
(3) I'm afraid I've brought you too much trouble.
(5) Please forgive me.
(6) Excuse me, please.
(7) I beg your pardon.
应答表达有：
(1) That's / It's all right.
(2) That's / It's OK.
(3) Never mind.
(4) It doesn't matter.
(5) It's nothing.
(6) Forget it.
(7) Don't worry about that.
(8) Don't mention it.
-- I'm sorry. I can't catch you. ____
-- OK, it's B-L-A-C-K.
A. Would you please walk slowly?
B. I don't understand you．
C. What's the meaning of this word?
D. Would you please repeat it more slowly?
[答案与解析] D本题主要考查语言交际困难的功能意念。catch 在整个语境中是“听见，听清”的意思，A项错误理解了catch 在此处的意思，B、C两项语义不连贯， 故正确答案是D。
【归纳】英语中常见的谈论语言交际困难的用语有：
(1) Pardon? / I beg your pardon.
(2) Sorry, I can't follow you.
(3) Can you speak more slowly, please?
(4 )How do you say...in English.'?
(5) I don't know how to say that in English.
(6) I don't know the word in English.
(7) How do you spell it, please?
(8) I'm sorry I only know a little English.
(9) Could you repeat that, please? Could you say that
again, please?
(10) What do you mean by killing time?
[牛刀小试4]
1. -- ____ I didn't hear you clearly. It's too noisy here.
-- I was saying that the party was great.
A. Repeat. B. Once again.
C. Sorry? D. So what?
2. -- Do you like a house with no garden?
-- ____. But anyhow, it's better to have one than none.
A. Not a bit B. Not a little
C. Not really D. Not specially
3. -- I'm sorry for stepping on your foot? -- ____.
C. It's your fault D. Never you mind
4. -- What you said at the meeting hurt me badly!
-- Sorry. But ____.
A. I didn't mean it B. I didn't mean to
C. I don't mean it D. I don't mean to
5. -- You seem to show interest in cooking.
-- ____? On the contrary, I'm tired of it.
A. Really B. Pardon C. OK D. What
(CCABD)
【精典题例】
1. -- David has made great progress recently.
-- ____, and ____.
A. So he has; so have you B. So has he; so have you
C. So he has; so you have D. So has he; so you have
【解析】选A 答句中的he指David，不倒装。“So have you” 意为“你也一样(取得了进步)”。
2. Little ____ what others think.
A. does he care about B. care he about
C. about he eared D. about cared he
【解析】选A little为否定副词，置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装。
3. At school, what he enjoys ____ football.
A. playing B. to play C. is playing D. played
【解析】选C what he enjoys为主语从句，谓语动词为be，表语为playing football。不要误以为playing是enjoy的宾语而误选A。
4. At the ____news, all the women present burst out crying.
A. unexpecting B. disappointing
C. disappointed D. interesting
【解析】选B联系语境，所有在场的妇女都哭了，因此为disappointing”令人失望的(消息)”。
5. He was about to tell me the secret ____ someone patted him on the shoulder.
A. as B. until C. while D. when
【解析】选D “when”表示“就在这时，突然”。
6. The wolf said in a ____ voice and the scholar felt ____.
A. frightening; frightened B. frightened; frightened
C. frightened; frightening D. frightening; frightening
【解析】选A frightening“令人害怕”；frightened“感
到害怕”。
7. In our ____ life, English is ____ used.
A. everyday; wide B. everyday; widely
C. every day; wide D. every day; widely
【解析】选B everyday“日常的，每天的”；widely“广泛地”。
8. -- Hello, Mary. I've got a girlfriend. -- What's she like?
-- ____.
A. I don't know B. She's like her mother, not father
C. She likes music D. Not had! Quite pretty
【解析】选D表外表给人的印象。
9. The fire ____ for half an hour before the fire fighters arrived.
A. had put out B. was put out
C. had been out D. had broken out
【解析】选C be out“火熄灭”，表示状态。
10. It has been suggested that the land ____ equally among the peasants.
A. be shared B. should be spared
C. saved D. be spent
【解析】选A suggest后用虚拟语气。be shared前可
省略should。
11. She took ____ in physics and read ____ on the subject.
A. interest; as books many as she could
B. an interest; as many books as she could
C. interested; as many books as she can
D. interests; as books as she could
【解析】选B根据短语搭配和时态一致可知。
12. -- How's the young man? -- ____.
A. He's twenty B. He's a doctor
C. He is much better D. He's David
【解析】选C how is sb. “某人身体如何”。
13. Let Harry play with your toys as well. Clare, you must learn to ____.
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
【解析】选D share“分享”；support“支持”；care“在意”；spare“抽出(时间)。节余”。
14. The new dress looks wonderful on you ____ the collar.
A. besides B. except C. beside D. except for
【解析】选D“美中不足的是领子”，表示部分修正。
15. -- What about your classmate, Susan?
-- Our teacher ____ her a good and clever student.
A. regards B. believes C. suggests D. considers
【解析】选D consider as…“认为……是……”，as可省略。
Chapter 2 SB I Units 3 - 4
☆重点句型☆
1. Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, ... you may want to try hiking. Instead和instead 0f的用法
2. Say ”Hi“ / ”Hello“ / ”Thanks“ to sb. (for me) 问候的句型
3. Is anybody seeing you off? 进行时表将来
4. She struggled and struggled, and could not get on her feet. (= keep struggling)
5. You should not go rafting unless you know... unless引导条件状语从句，相当于if... not
6. By staying at..., tourists can help the villagers make money so that they can take care of the fiver and the birds. 目的状语从句
7. She was so surprised that she couldn't move. 结果状语从句
8. Tree after tree went down, cut down by water. 过去分词作状语
9. The next moment, the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden. 现在分词作状语
10. However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. It didn't take long before the building was destroyed. before的用法
☆重点词汇☆
1. means n. 方法；途径
2. experience n. 经验
3. equipment n. 设备
4. successful adj. 成功的
5. protect v. 保护
6. handle v. 处理
7. consider v. 考虑
8. benefit n. 利益
9. particular adj. 特别的
10. effect n. 效果
12. unforgettable adj. 不会忘记的
13. advance v. 前进
14. seize v. 抓住
15. struggle v. 奋斗
16. fear v. & n. 害怕
17. strike v. 敲打
18. destroy v. 毁掉
19. publish v. 出版
20. naughty adj. 调皮的
☆重点短语☆
1. get away from 逃离
2. watch / look out 注意，当心
3. go for a hike / go hiking 去徒步旅游
4. as with 正如……一样
5. see off 为某人送行
6. on the other hand 在另一方面
7. take care of 照顾
8. get close / near to 接近，凑近
9. tree after tree 一棵又一棵的树
10. as wall as 也，和……一样(好)
11. protect…from 保护……不受……的伤害
12. be surprised at 因……而吃惊
13. be caught / trapped / struck in 被……困住
14. take place 发生
15. go through 通过，经过；经历(痛苦的事)
16. be upon 临近，逼近
17. hold on to 紧紧抓住
18. refer to 提到，说到；查询(信息)
19. look into 注视……的内部；检查，调查
20. for fear of (doing) sth. 惟恐……
☆短语闯关☆
下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关．做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?
l. get ____ from 逃离 away
2. watch ____ 注意，当心 out
3. protect sb / sth ____ 保护／保卫某人(某事物) from
4. see sb ____ 到火车站、飞机场等某处为某人送行 off
5. on the other ____ 另一方面 hand
6. as ____ as也，还，而且 well
7. ____ place发生，产生 take
8. ____ fire失火 on
9. pull sb ____ 把……往上拽 up
10. get ____ one's feet站立起来；站起身来 on
11. go ____ 通过，经受。仔细检查 through
12. ____ holiday在度假 on
13. travel ____ 旅行社代理人 agent
14. be ____ 逼近，临近upon
15. ____ exercise 进行体育锻炼 take
16. ____ ”Hi“ to sb for / from sb 代某人向某人问候 say
18. go ____ a hike 去远足 for
19. be caught ____ 受困于……，陷于…… in
20. ____ a second 马上，一会儿 in
21. look ____ 往……里面看，调查 into
22. refer ____ 提到．涉及；参考 to
23. hold ____ 抓住，握住 onto
24. sweep ____ 冲走，刮走 away
25. sweep ____ 冲倒，吹倒 down
☆交际用语☆
1. Where would you prefer going...?
2. How would you like to go to...?
3. Have a nice / pleasant trip !
4. Well, I must be off.
5. It's all right．
6. I'm afraid.
7. Come on !
8. It scares me.
9. Don't worry.
10. First..., next..., then..., finally...
☆单词聚焦☆
1. advance的用法
▲构词：advanced adj. 高等的．先进的，高深的
▲搭配：
① in advance 在前头，预先，事先
② in advance of 在……前面；比……进步；超过
③ on the advance (物价)在上涨
【考例】It is said that Miss White had some difficulty in studying the ____ maths.
A. improved B. developed C. advanced D. increased
[考查目标] 本题考查形容词advanced与近义词的区别。
[答案与解析]C “高等数学”的英译是advanced maths，advanced意思是“先进的。高级的”。
2. before 的特殊用法
(1) He had run out of the room before I could stop him.我还没来得及拦住他，他就跑出了屋子。
(2) Three weeks went by before We knew it. 三周过去了，我们才意识到。(或：时间不知不觉已过三周了。)
(3) It wasn't / didn't take long before he returned.他没过多久就回来了。
It won't be long before we graduate. 不要过多久我们就要毕业了。
3. chance的用法
▲搭配：
① by any chance 万一，碰巧，或许
② by chance 偶然，意外地
③ take a / one's chance 冒一冒险，碰碰运气，利用一下机会
【考例6】 (2005南京模拟)Most of the ___are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture.
A. work B. luck C. chances D. services
[考查目标] chance的词义。
[答案与解析] C chance在本句的词义是“机会”。
4. consider v.
(1) 考虑
A) consider + n. / doing
I consider going abroad.
B) consider + 疑问词 + to do
You have to consider what to do next.
(2) 认为
A) consider + n. (+as / to be) + n. / adj.
I consider Mary as / to be my best friend.
They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country.
B) consider + n. + to have done
I consider him to have acted disgracefully.
除了consider…as…表认为外，还有regard…as
…，look on…as…，take…as…，think of…as…
5. cost的用法
▲ 构词：costly adj. 昂贵的，贵重的
▲ 搭配：
① cost sb. sth. 花费某人(多少钱)；让某人付出(代价)／牺牲……
② at all costs 不惜任何代价．无论如何
③ at any cost 不惜任何代价，无论如何
④ at cost (price) 按成本价格，按原价
⑤ at the cost of 以……为代价，用……换来的；丧失；牺牲
【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would ____ them.
A. pay B. spend C. cost D. waste
[考查目标] 本题考查cost和它的几个近义词的区别。
[答案与解析] C cost的意思是“耗费”，主语是指物的
名词．而pay和spend等的主语是指人的名词。
6. effect n. 效果；作用
have an effect on sth.
His words had a great pushing effect on his students.
(1) be of no effect 无效
[比较] affect vt. 影响 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.
7. experience的用法
▲构词: experienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的
▲搭配:
① by experience 凭经验；从经验中
② from experience 凭经验；从经验中
③ gain experience in… 获得……经验
④ be experienced in… 某方面有经验
▲友情提示: experience这个词作为可数名词用时，解释为“经历”，作为不可数名词用时解释为“经验”。
【考例】 (2005山西模拟) ____teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily formed.
A. Knowledge B. Teachers C. Experience D. Parents
[考查目标] experience的意思。
[答案与解析] C experience常为不可数名词，意思是“经验”。
8. fear n. & vt.
(1) n. 恐惧 (多作不可数名词)
His face was growing pale with fear.
忧虑；担心的事(可数)
There is no reason for your fears.
for fear of 由于怕……，以防
He left an hour earlier for fear of missing his train.
for fear (that) 惟恐；怕的是；以防
She worried for fear that the child would be hurt.
in fear of 害怕；担心
The thief was in fear of the police.
(2) v. 恐惧；害怕，接 n. / pron.
Cats fear big dogs.
恐惧；害怕，接to do
Don't fear to tell the truth.
恐怕；担心，接从句
She feared that she might not find him in his room.
▲构词：fearful adj. 可怕的，严重的；惧怕的，胆怯的；担心的，忧虑的 fearless adj. 不怕的，大胆的，勇敢的，无畏的
▲搭配：
① be in fear (of) (为……而)提心吊胆
② for fear of 因为怕；以免，怕的是
③ for fear that-clause 生怕；为了防止(某事发生)
④ have a fear that-clause 担心／怕(发生某事)
⑤ with fear 吓得，怕得
⑥ fear (vi.) for... 担心／忧虑……
【考例】(2004江苏)He got to the station early, ____ missing his train.
A. in case of B. instead of
C. for fear of D. in search
[考查目标] fear构成的短语的用法和意思。
[答案与解析]C for fear of 常在句中作状语，意思是 “怕的是……。担心……”。
9. fun n. 高兴；乐趣；有趣的人或事
(1) for fun 为了高兴；为着好玩
I only did it for fun.
(2) make fun of 开……的玩笑；取笑
It is wrong to make fun of a cripple.
[比较]
(1) laugh at 笑(某人)；嘲笑
It's unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble.
(2) play a joke on 开(某人的)玩笑
10. means n. 手段；办法
(1) by means of 用……；依靠……
The water may be carried by means of a pipe.
(2) by all means 一定；务必；(表示同意)当然可以，没问题：务必，无论如何，千方百计地
(3) by no means 完全不是；一点也不；决不
This is by no means the first time you have been late.
还有： by this means 用这种方法； by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段
【考例】(MET 1991)Students sometimes support them- selves by ____ of evening job.
A. ways B. offers C. means D．helps
[考查目标] by means of 短语的意思。
[答案与解析] C by means of 的意思是“通过某种手段”。
11. normal adj. 正常的；正规的
the normal temperature, normal behavior
(1) regular 规则的；有规律的
keep regular hours 生活有规律；按时作息
(3) usual 惯常的；惯例的
It's usual with him to go to the office on foot.
(4) ordinary平凡的；普通的 in ordinary dress
12. once的用法
▲ 搭配：
① all at once 突然；同时
② at once 立刻，马上；同时
③ (every) once in a while 偶尔，有时，间或
④ for this once (= for once，just for once) 就这一次； 破例一回
⑤ more than once 不止一次，多次
⑥ not once 一次也不
⑦ once again / more再一次
⑧once and again一再，再三
⑨ once or twice 一两次；有时，偶尔
⑩ once too often又(多了)一次
once upon a time从前
【考例】(2004上海) ____ we have learned something, additional learning increases the length of time we will remember it.
A. Before B. Once C. Until D. Unless
[考查目标] 连词once的用法和词义。
[答案与解析] B once在作连词使用时意思是“一旦”。
13. prefer v. 宁愿；更喜欢
(1) prefer + n. / pron.
The boy preferred a detective story.
(2) prefer + v. -ing
Do you prefer living abroad?
(3) prefer + to do
She prefers to live among the working people.
(4) prefer sb. to do sth.
She preferred him to stay at home.
(5) prefer + n. / pron. / doing + to + n. / pron. / doing 喜欢……而不喜欢 I prefer the town to the country. / While he was in the office he preferred doing something to doing nothing.
(6) prefer to do...rather than do = would rather do ... than do... 宁愿……而不愿 I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.
(7) prefer + 从句(谓语动词用should do，should可省略) She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen.
14. protect的用法
▲ 构词：protection n. 保护(者/物)，防御
▲ 搭配：protect sb from / against 防止……遭受……；使……免于，保护……使不受
【考例】 (MET 1992) Clarke was greatly admired at the club for the successful ____.
A. self-satisfaction B. self-protection
C. self-respect D. self-service
[考查目标] protect及其派生词的词义。
[答案与解析]B self-protection是名词，意思是“自我保护”。
15. separate的用法
▲ 构词：separation n. [U]分开，分离
▲ 搭配：
① separate A from B 把A和B分开
② A is separated from B by… A和B为……所分开／阻隔
③ separate sth (up) into… 把……分成(几分)
▲辨析：separate; divide; part 都含“分开”的意思。
separate 指“把原来在一起的人或物分开”。例如: Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you? (你)把那两个打架的孩子拉开，好吗?
divide 指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整体分成若干部分”。
part指“把密切相关的人或物分开”，还有“分手”之意。
【考例】(NMET 2001)As we joined the big crowd I got ____ from my friends.
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
[考查目标] 动词separate的词义。
[答案与解析] A separated和get搭配有被动意义，表
示“被隔开；被分隔”。
[牛刀小试1]
用所给单词的适当形式填空：
(advance, means, cost, protect, fear, separate)
1. The teacher improved the students' English by ____ of dictation and recitation. (means)
2. All the goods ___me almost half a million dollars. (cost)
3. We must ____ the wild animals from the hunting. (protect)
4. Every baby should be ____ after he is horn. (separated)
5. None of them ____ death when the enemy came into the village. (feared)
6. There are too many people, so you should have bought a ticket in ____. (advance)
☆词语比较☆
1. wear, put on, have on, dress, be in, try on
(1) wear v. 穿着；戴；蓄须(发)；磨损；(脸容)呈现，显出 He is wearing an overcoat today.
* wear out (把) 穿破；(把) 用坏；(使) 疲乏；(使) 耗尽I have worn out my shoes. / My patience wore (was worn) out.
(2) put on 穿上；戴上(侧重穿着的动作)
Put on your sweater, otherwise you will feel cold.
(3) dress vt. 给……穿衣服 n. 衣服；连衣裙
dress sb. (in sth.) 或 be dressed (in sth.) 注意：穿的衣服接在in之后。Mother dressed her baby and then they went downstairs.
(4) have on 表示穿着的状态，注意不能用进行时。
At the Spring Festival, all children have on new clothes.
(5) be in表示穿着的状态 There was a girl in red.
(6) try on 试穿 Mother was trying on a new dress.
2. strike, hit, beat
(1) hit vt.
① 打；敲；击；击中；射中 He hit a ball over the fence. / The stone hit him on the head.
② 使……受到打击 The bad news hit every one hard.
(2) beat vt. & vi.
① 连续有节奏地打；敲
The rain heat against the window.
② (心)跳动 His heart had stopped beating.
③ (鸟翼) 扑动
The bird beat its wings rapidly as it flew on.
④ 打败；打赢；取胜
Our champion can beat all runners in the country.
(3) strike vt. & vi.
① 打；敲；击；砍；打中；击中
He struck me with his fist.
The house was struck by lightning.
② 发起进攻；袭击
He moved away as the animal struck.
③ 撞；触(礁)
His head struck the table as he fell.
④ 擦(火柴)
I struck a match and held it to his cigarette.
⑤ (某种想法) 忽然出现；忽然想起，相当于occur to。
A happy thought struck her.
⑥ 给人深刻印象(常用于被动语态)
I was struck by her beauty.
⑦ 罢工 They are striking for higher pay.
⑧ (钟)敲(响) We waited for the clock to strike six.
(2) finish vi. / vt. 指完成，结束一件事情；可接 n. 或doing。如：finish one's homework / middle school / writing the book
☆短语归纳☆
1. cut down
(1) 砍倒 If you cut down all the trees you will rain the land.
(2) 减少；削减 I have decided to cut down my smoking.
2.含get的短语
① get back 回来，恢复，送回
② get off下来，动身，起飞 ③ get up 起床，站起来
④ get on 上(车)
⑤ get on / along with 与某人相处．某事的进展
⑥ get together 聚首，碰头 ⑦ get away from 逃离
⑧ get on one's feet 站起来 ⑨ get down 下来
⑩ get on well with 与……相处融洽
get married 结婚 get to 到达
get through 通过，接通
get down to 开始着手做某事
get across (使)通过 get(a)round 传开，说服
get in 进入。收获 get out 出去，逃脱
[例句]How are you getting along with your business? 生意进展如何? / If you take Mary out for a drive you must promise to get her back for her music lesson. 如果你带玛丽去兜风的话，你必须答应带她回来上音乐课。/ I can't get my boots off, for they are too tight. 我脱不掉靴子，它太紧了。/ We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time. 在圣诞期间我们尽量一年至少聚会一次。/ When one has business on hand it is hard to get away from home. 如果一个人手头有事，离开家很难。
A. get down to B. get out C. get back for D. get over
[考查目标] 此题主要考查get短语。
[答案与解析]A get down to 意为“开始着手做某事”；get out 意为“离开，摆脱”；get back for 意为“回去拿”；get over意为“克服，渡过”。本句话意思是：期末考试就要到了，我们该开始学习了。
【考例】(NMET 1993)Readers can ____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through
[考查目标]此题主要考查get短语。
[答案与解析]C get over 意为“痊愈，克服”；get in 意为“插话”；get along 意为“进展．继续”；gel through 意为“接通。办完”。本句话意思是：读者不必准确知道每个词的意思就能继续下去。
3. get away (from)
(1) 摆脱 Ways must be found to get away from poverty.
(2)走开；离开 She didn't get away until nine last night.
(3)逃走，使离开The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away.
(4)拿走 Get all thee party dishes away!
4. get close to
(1) close adj. 靠近；接近
The church is close to the shops.
亲密；密切
Are you a close friend of theirs?
(2) close adv. 靠近；接近
He was standing close to the door.
(3) close v. 关上；关闭(不开发)；结束
She closed her eyes. / Her eyes closed. (闭上)
(4 ) closely adv. 紧密地；仔细地；密切地
He got closely in touch with the magazines of today.
The little baby was closely looked after by her.
[比较]
(1) close 与 closely 作副词时，close含具体之意，closely 含抽象之意。
(2) 类似的词组有 high (高) -- highly (高度地)，deep (深深地) -- deeply (深入地)，wide (很开，宽) -- widely (广 泛地)，low (低的)-- lowly (低贱的) (作形容词)
5. hand in 交上去(给老师或上级)；交来(hand v.)
[比较]
(1) hand down 传下来；传给 Our father handed down these customs to us.
(2) hand on…to…传给，传递They will hand the photograph to those who have not seen it.
(3) hand out 发给大家；散发 The teacher handed out the books at the beginning of the lesson．
6. instead of 代替……
(1) instead of + n. / pron.
Give me the red one instead 0f the green one.
(2) instead of + doing
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.
(3) instead of + 介词短语
He studies in the evening instead of during the day.
[比较]
(1) instead adv. 作为替代 (……而)，代替 If Harry is not well enough to go with you, take me instead.
(2) rather than 而不是，与其……宁愿 He ran rather than walked.
(3) in place of 代替，……而不用The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks.
7. 含take的短语
① take a picture 照相，拍照
② take a taxi / bus, etc. 打的(坐公交车等)
③ take away 拿走，夺取，使离去
④ take care of 小心，照料，保管
⑤ take off 脱，去掉，取消，起飞
⑥ take out 拿出，带……出去
⑦ take one's place 就坐，坐某人的座位，代替某人的位置
⑧ take place 发生，产生
⑨ take exercise 做运动
⑩ take a seat 坐下
take turns 轮流
take an active part in 积极参加
take a message 捎口信
take on 从事，呈现
take the place of 取代，代替
take apart 拆开
take down 拿下，记下
take...for... 误认为……
take in 吸收，接纳
take up 拿起．从事．占据
[例句] Father was convinced that Peter was unhappy at boarding school, and made arrangements to take him away. 父亲确信彼得在寄宿学校不开心，决定把他带走。/ Will you lake care of buying the wine for tonight's party? 你负责为今晚的晚会买酒水好吗? / The boys got into the car and took off for the drug store. 男孩们进到车里，开车去了药店。/ He took my place in the queue so that I could go and get something to eat. 他替我排好了队，以便我能够回
去弄点儿吃的。
8. used to
(1) used to do sth. 过去常常……(现在已不如此)
We used to grow beautiful roses.
注意：否定句和疑问句有两种
You usedn’t to make that mistake.
She didn't use(d) to do it, did she?
You used to smoke a pipe, didn't you? / use(d) n't you?
I have always been used to hard work.
He got used to living in the country.
(3) be used to do 被用来做……
This knife is used to cut bread.
表示“过去常常……”时，used to与would区别：
(1) would 只强调“过去常常……”，used to 说明现在不是如此。
The old woman would sit there for hours doing nothing.
(2) would 只接行为动词，used to 可接行为动词和表状态的词。如：be, like, know, have。There used to be a temple at the foot of the mountain.
9. watch out 当心；注意
You'll be cheated if you don't watch out.
(1) watch out for = look out for 提防；当心
You must always watch out for the traffic here!
(2) watch over 照看；看守；负责
The mother bird is watching over her young.
10. 含“动词 + out”短语
② go out 出去，熄灭，不时兴
③ look out 当心，注意
④ take out 拿出，取出，带……出去
⑤ rush out 冲出去，匆忙大量生产
⑥ try out 尝试，试验
⑦ watch out 小心
⑧ wear out 穿破，用坏，(使)疲乏，消磨
⑨ find out 找出，查出
⑩ make out 填写，完成．设法应付
get out 出去，逃离，泄露，公布
pick out 看出，选出
think out 想出
give out 发出，筋疲力尽
set out出发，陈述
【考例】(2005湖北) This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can ____ my father.
A. find out B. pick out
C. look out D. speak out
[考查目标]此题主要考查out构成的短语意思区别。
[答案与解析]B pick out意为“挑选，辨别出”；find out意为“找出．发现”；look out意为“留神，注意”： speak out意为“大声说出”。
[牛刀小试2]
请根据句意，选用所给短语的适当形式填空：
(get away，take up，take on，think out，get down to)
1. -- Shall we set off right now? -- Sorry. I'm too busy to ____ for the moment. (get away)
3. The manager doesn't have much free time as his work ____ nearly all his spare time. (takes up)
4. We also shared a number of qualities which we fell were in our favor when we ____ the task. (took on)
5. He might have ___his idea about the art exhibition much better, if he had planned what he wanted to say. (thought out)
☆句型归纳☆
1. You shouldn't go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket. 除非你会游泳，而且要一直穿着救生衣，否则就不应该去做漂流运动。
该句中的unless引导状语从句。例如：One can't learn a foreign language well unless he studies hard.
unless引导的条件状语从句，一般可以与if...not...互换。还要注意unless引导的从句经常可以省略。
【考例】(200l北京春招)The men will have to wait all day ____ the doctor works faster.
A. if B. unless C. whether D. that
[考查目标]状语从句。
[答案与解析]B 句子意思是“如果医生不快点工作，
这些人将不得不等一整天。”应该选unless。
2. Eco-travel is a way to find out what can be done to help animals and plants as well as people. 生态游可以找到既帮助别人．又帮助动植物的途径。
该句中的as well as是连词，连接两个并列成分。例如: He can speak German as well as French.
常见的用法:
1. well是副词，意思是“好，优秀”，as well as是形容词 同级比较结构。
2. as well as是固定短语，意思是“和”，相当于”not only … but also...“。
3. as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时，句子的谓语动词应该与前面那个名词或代词的人称或数保持一致。
4. as well as还可当作复杂介词用，意思是“除了……之外，还有”；相当于”besides，apart from“。
5. as well，是副词短语，意思是“也”，相当于“too / also”常位于句尾，与too位置相当。
6. may / might as well do sth 表示“还是……的好”。
【考例】(NMET 1994) John plays football ____, if not better than David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
[考查目标] as well as连接比较状语从句。
[答案与解析]B 该句中 if not better than相当于插入语，起干扰作用，如果不予考虑，原句就变成了同级比较结构 ”John plays football as well as David"。
3. Before she could move，she heard a loud noise. 她还没有来得及动弹，就听见很响的声音。
However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. 但还没有回过身来，洪水便逼近了她。
该两句中的before用作连词，后接时间状语从句。before用作连词，接时间状语从句时，表示“在……之前”。但在不同的语境中，往往有比较灵活的译法。例如: He knocked me down before he saw me. 他差一点把我撞倒，才看到我。
【考例】(2005广东) The American Civil War lasted four years the North won in the end.
A. after B. before C. when D. then
[考查目标] 时间状语从句的引导词选择。
[答案与解析]B before 表示“直到……”。
4. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep. 洪水想必深达三米，树一棵接一棵地倒了，被洪水冲断了。
该句中的must have been表示推测。例如：You look so tired. You must have stayed up last night.
情态动词may，might，most．can，could常用来表示推测。may，might，must多用在肯定句中，can，could多用在否定句和疑问句中。may，might，must，can，could后接动词原形表示对现在的推测；may，might，must，can，co
篇2：非谓语动词总结 学案设计(人教版英语高考复习)
第一节 概述
英语中动词有谓语和非谓语之分。谓语动词在人称和数上要与主语保持一致，而非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。非谓语动词主要包括：动词不定式，动词的-ing形式和过去分词三种。
学非谓语动词必须要了解它们的形式和在句子中的功能，请看下面两个表格：
1.非谓语动词的时态和语态形式（以动词do为例）：
动词不定式 动词的_ing形式 过去分词
一般式 主动 to do doing 动词的过去分词只有一种形式即done。及物动词的过去分词常表示被动和完成，而个别动词(多数是不及物动词)只表示完成
被动 to be done being done
完成式 主动 to have done having done
被动 to have been done having been done
进行式 to be doing ×
完成进行式 to have been doing ×
2. 非谓语动词在句子中的功能：
主语 宾语 表语 定语 补语 状语 同位语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ ×
_ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √ √
过去分词 × × √ √ √ √ ×
第二节 非谓语动词的时态和语态
一． 动词不定式的时态：
不定式的一般式通常表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之后或与谓语动词同时发生；不定式的进行式（通常用于动态延续性动词）表示不定式动作与谓语动作同步发生；不定式的完成式通常表示不定式动作先于谓语动词而发生或表示一个实际未发生的动作；不定式的完成进行式往往强调不定式动作在谓语动词之前一直在进行。例如：
1. When I spoke to him, he pretended ___________(look) for something here and there.
2. He looked tired. He seemed ______________(work) all night.
4. I would love _________ (go) to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
5. He ordered the man __________ (go) there at once.
二． 动词不定式的语态：
一般情况下，在一个含有不定式的句子中，如果有不定式的逻辑主语（即不定式动作的执行者）该不定式常用主动形式；如果出现的是不定式的逻辑宾语（即不定式动作的承受者），该不定式常用被动形式。但是，下面几种结构却常用主动表示被动：
(2).少数动词如blame(责备), let(出租)等的不定式作表语时常用主动表示被动。
6. This sentence is easy ___________ (understand).
7. I can’t go out with you today, as I have a lot of clothes_________ (wash).
8. “Have you any clothes __________ (wash) today?” asked the maid (女佣).
9.Our school is a nice place _________ (visit).
11. I think the question difficult ________ (answer).
12. It’s I who am ________ (blame).
13. The officer ordered the soldiers ________ (fire) the guns.
14. The officer ordered the guns _________ (fire).
三._ing形式的时态:
_ing形式的一般式通常表示该动作与谓语动词同时发生或发生在谓语之后；完成式则表示
动作先于谓语动词而发生。如：
15. ________ (Walk) through the park, I saw some lovely flowers.
16. He was praised for __________ (teach) for 60 years.
17. I heard him __________ (sing) when I passed his room.
18. _________ (Finish) the work, he went home.
19. He insisted on _________ (join) the army.
四._ing形式的语态：
一般情况下，需要找准-ing动词的逻辑主语，若它们之间是主谓关系，-ing动词常用
主动；若它们之间是动宾关系，-ing动词就要用被动。但在动词need, want, require,及形容
词worth之后的-ing必须用主动表示被动。如：
21. The flowers in the garden need _______ (water).
22. Thank you for _________ (give) us so much help.
23. The building ________ (build) now will be a hospital.
24. ________ (give) such a good chance, how could she let it slip?
25. The book is well worth ________ (read).
第三节 非谓语动词的用法比较
一、作主语
动词不定式和动词的_ing形式都可以在句子中作主语。
（1）、一般来说，不定式作主语时，通常表示一次性的、特指的、具体的或将来的动作；而_ing形式作主语时，通常表示一个经常性的、泛指的、或不具体的动作。如：
26. ________ (refuse) him is not easy this time.
27. _________ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both the young and old.
28. ________ (teach) English is my job.
29. ________ (be) a teacher is her greatest wish in the future.
（2）、当句子的主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，两者在形式上一般保持一致；比较状语从句中的主语形式通常也取决于主句里的主语形式。如：
30. ______ (see) is to believe.==________ (see) is believing.
31. ________ (say) is easier than to do.
32. ________ (speak) a foreign language is more difficult than reading it.
（3）、在日常英语中，为了句子结构的平衡，常用it作形式主语而将不定式或-ing放在句末
这时候要注意下面的习惯句型：
It + be + 形容词或名词+ (for / of sb.) + to do sth.
It + take + sb. +some time / sth. + to do sth.
It + be + no use / no good / useless / a waste of sth. / worth + doing sth.
There + be + no + doing sth. (做某事是不行或不可能的)
33. It was foolish of you _________ (give) up what you rightly owned.
34. There is no ________ (hold) back the wheel of history.
35. I think it’s no good _______ (argue) with your parents.
二、作宾语
动词不定式和动词的_ing形式都可以在句子中作宾语。
（1）、有些及物动词后只能接动词不定式作宾语，不能接-ing形式，常见的有：hope, wish, expect, decide, promise, offer, agree, manage, pretend, plan, refuse, fail 等等。
（2）、有些及物动词后只能接动词的_ing形式作宾语，不能接不定式，常见的有：enjoy, imagine, risk, appreciate, suggest, advise, admit, miss, practise, forbid, avoid, resist, escape, delay, finish, permit, allow, mind, keep, consider, excuse 等等。
（3）、有些动词后既可以接不定式，也可以接-ing形式作宾语，意义相同，常见的有：begin, start, continue, intend, bear, attempt等等。但要注意，begin, start 如遇下面三种情况时接不定式为最佳：
A. 句子的主语是物而不是人时，如：The ice began to melt.
B. 当begin, start 用了进行时态时, 如：He’s beginning to understand it.
C. 当begin, start 后作宾语的动词属于心理活动、精神状态类动词（如realize, understand, love, like, know 等等）时，如：It began to rain and I began to realize I should go home.
（4）、有些动词后既可以接不定式，也可以接-ing形式作宾语，意义有细微差别，常见的动词有：like / love / prefer / hate to do sth.(表示一个特定的、一次性的、将来的动作)
like /love / prefer /hate doing sth. (表示一般的、习惯性的、或正在进行的动作)
36. I like _________ (swim) but I don’t like _______ (swim) today.
37. Would you love ________ (go) to the zoo with us?
38. I felt like _______ (cry) at the news.
（5）、有些动词后既可以接不定式，也可以接-ing形式作宾语，意义完全不同，常见动词有：
39. We must try ________ (finish) the work on time.
Let’s try _______ (work) out the maths problem in another way,
40. I remember ______ (see) her somewhere before.
You must remember _______ (post) the letter for me.
41. He forgot ______ (pay) and asked to be paid again.
Don’t forget _______ (turn) off the light when you leave.
42. I regret _______ (miss) such a good chance.
I regret _______ (say) that I can’t lend you so much money.
43. Doing like that means _________ (cheat).
I didn’t mean ________ (hurt) your feeling that day.
44. I can’t help ________ (do) housework today. I’m busy preparing a report.
I couldn’t help _________ (think) of my childhood while seeing the film.
45. When the teacher came in, the students stopped _______ (talk).
As he was very busy that day, he didn’t stop _______ (talk) with me.
46. Though it was raining, the peasants went on ________ (work) in the fields.
After listening to the text, we went on _______(read).
47. The baby needs ______ (look) after. =The baby needs ________ after.
You don’t need _______ (look) after the baby today.
48. Our school is well worth ________ (visit).
Our school is well worthy ________ (visit).= Our school is well worthy of _________.
（6）、介词后的宾语一般用动词的-ing形式，但要注意：but和except之后通常接不定式；介词之后若有连接词时也要接不定式。如：
49. I have no choice but _______ (wait).
50. He gave me some advice on how _______ (study) it well.
51. He has no idea of what _______ (do) next.
52. I was about ______ (go) out when it began to rain.
注意：A. 下面短语中的to是介词，后面要接动词的-ing形式而不接不定式。
B.有些短语中介词经常省略，这时要注意接动词的-ing形式，如：be busy (in) doing sth., spend money /time (in) doing sth., have difficulty /trouble / problems (in) doing sth., prevent / stop ---(from) doing sth.,等等。
（7）、当不定式和_ing形式作“主语+谓语+宾语+补语”句型中的宾语时，要用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语置于补语之后，常见句型有：
主语+ make / feel /think /find /consider, etc. + it + adj. / n. + (for / of sb.) + to do sth.
主语+ make /feel /think /find /consider, etc. + it + no good /no use /useless + doing sth.
三、作表语
所有的非谓语动词都可以在句子中作表语，其区别在：
（1）、不定式作表语通常表示一次性、特指的、将来的或具体的动作，有时还可以表示计划安排将要发生的事或一种命令要求。
（2）、-ing形式作表语通常表示习惯性、泛指的、不具体的动作或表示主语的性质特征（主要是一些表示感情情绪的词，译为“令人感到……的”）
（3）、过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态，常具有被动含义（主要是一些表示感情情绪的词，译为“感到……的”），这样的动词常见的有：surprise, move, excite, interest, shock, tire, bore, touch, encourage, disappoint, invite, inspire, amuse等等。如：
53. No one is ______ (leave) this building without the permission of the police.
54. My job is ______ (teach) English and my wish is ______ (be) a lawyer.
55. The president is ______ (visit) our country next month.
56. The speech was very _________ (move) and we were all _______ (move) to tears.
四、作定语
所有的非谓语动词都可以作定语，其区别在：
（1）、不定式作定语常放在被修饰的名词之后，通常可以表示：
A. 一个发生在谓语动词之后的动作。如：
The building to be built next month will be a hospital.
B. 被修饰的名词与用作定语的不定式之间可能是逻辑上的“主+谓”关系，也可能是逻辑上的“动+宾”关系。如：
Do you have anyone to help you? (“主+谓”关系)
I have nothing to write. (“动+宾”关系) 我没有什么东西可写。
C. 如果是“动+宾”关系，动词不定式之后有时需要添上适当的介词，而在名词time, place, moment, way等之后的不定式所带的介词可以省略，如：
I have nothing to write on. 我没有什么东西可以上面写字。
I have nothing to write with. 我没有什么东西可以用来写字。
I have no time to rest.
注意：这种带介词的不定式短语常可以转换为“介词+which / whom+不定式”的结构。例：They had only a cold room to live in.==
They had only a cold room in which to live.
D. 下列情况常用不定式作定语：
当句子中的谓语是一些特定的动词，如：be, find, get, give, have, need, want等，它们后面的名词（宾语或表语）常用不定式修饰。
当名词前有特定的定语，如：first, last, next, only, second以及形容词最高级时，其后常用不定式作定语。
在There be句型中，主语之后常用不定式作定语。
有一些特定的名词之后常用不定式作定语，常见的有：time, chance, right, promise, wish, plan, means, ability等。
例：You have no right to speak here.
He is the only person to know the truth.
There is nothing to worry about.
My parents had no chance to go to college.
（2）、动词的_ing形式作定语时，如果是单个词，常放在被修饰名词之前；如果是-ing短语，要放在名词之后。_ing作定语通常可以表示：
A. 被修饰名词的用途，如：a sleeping car, a waiting room, a walking stick, etc.
B. 被修饰名词的性质特征，如：exciting news, a moving story, etc.
C．被修饰名词正在进行的动作，如：a falling leaf, a burning stick, boiling water, etc.
（3）、过去分词作定语通常表示：
A. 被动，如：He is a man loved by all the people.
B. 完成，如：The building built last year is our classroom building.
a fallen leaf, a developed country, boiled water
C. 被修饰名词所处的状态，如：an excited boy, the disappointed parents, surprised eyes, etc.
五、作状语
所有的非谓语动词都可以在句子中充当状语，其区别在：
（1）、不定式（短语）常在句子中作目的、结果和原因状语，常见句式有：
目的：to do sth.; in order to do sth.; so as to do sth.
结果：so + adj. /adv. + as to do sth.; such + n. + as to do sth.; enough to do sth.; too…to do sth.; only to do sth.
原因：be happy / glad / sorry / sad ,etc. + to do sth.
（2）、_ing形式和过去分词位于句首时常作时间、原因、条件状语，位于句末时主要作方式、伴随或结果状语。究竟该用_ing还是过去分词，主要取决于句子的主语，若它们之间是主动关系就用_ing形式，若是被动关系，就用过去分词。
57. He raised his hand ________ the taxi stop. (have)
58. _______ from the top of the hill, our school looks more beautiful. (see)
59. The parents died, _______ him an orphan. (leave)
60. ______ to college, he works very hard. (go)
61. I’m not such a boy as ______ him. (believe)
62. _______ ill, he was sent to a hospital. (be)
注意：A. 非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，如：
（×）Being a fine day, we went out for an outing.
（√）As it was a fine day, we went out for an outing.
（√）It being a fine day, we went out for an outing.
(×) Hearing the news, tears came to my eyes.
（√）Hearing the news, I burst into tears.
（√）When I heard the news, tears came to my eyes.
B．有些非谓语动词可以相当于独立成分、介词或连词使用，这时候它们常有自己固定的形式，与句子的主语不存在任何的逻辑关系，常见的有：
to tell (you) the truth, to be honest, (老实说)
to make things worse (更糟糕的是)
to begin with / start with (首先)
generally / strictly / exactly speaking (一般/严格/准确地说)
judging from / by (根据/从……判断)
talking of (谈到…… )
considering (考虑到……)
六、作补语
所有的非谓语动词都可以作补语，在使用中要注意下面几种情况：
（1）、有许多动词，如：ask, tell, allow, force, cause, encourage, 等之后都可以接不定式作宾语补足语。
（2）、在感官动词notice, observe, feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at之后可以接三种非谓语动词作补语，其区别在：_ing作补语表示与谓语动词同时进行的动作，如果这个动作与宾语是被动关系，还要用其被动形式being done；过去分词作补语常表示一个完成被动的动作；不定式作补语可以表示一个全过程、一个具体的、将来的、或经常性的动作。如：
63. I saw the classroom ________ (clean) when I passed by it.
64. The missing children were last seen ______ (play) by the river.
65. I often hear him ________ (sing) in the next room.
66. I saw the room _________ (clean). Everything was put in order.
67. I saw him ________ (open) the door, _______ (walk) into the room, and ______ (sit) down at the desk.
（3）、注意使让动词之后的补语用法：
A．have sb. do sth.==get sb. to do sth. “请/叫/让某人做某事” 与宾语的关系是主动的。
B．have sb./ sth. doing sth.“使某人一直做某事/容许某人做某事”，强调主动和进行。
C．get sb. doing sth.“使某人开始做某事”。
D．have sb./sth. done ==get sb./sth. done“使某人/某物被……或使……遭受……”，表示被动
E．make /let sb. do sth.表主动。
F. make /let sb. /sth. /oneself done 表示被动。
（4）、有些动词后不能接非谓语动词特别是不定式作宾语补足语，常考的动词有：agree, refuse, hope, suggest, demand, etc.
(5)、有些动词后需要接_ing作宾语，而接不定式作宾语补足语，常见的动词有：advise, allow, permit, forbid, encourage等。
例：68.You’d better have someone else _______ (help) you. I’m too busy.
69.He already had his eyes ________ (examine) in the hospital yesterday.
70.The speaker explained it again to make himself _______ (understand).
71.We don’t allow _____ (smoke) in our classroom.
七、作同位语
动词的_ing形式常被用来解释一个名词的具体内容，在句子中充当同位语，如：
His habit, studying at night, remains unchanged.
The gesture for “OK”, making a circle with one’s thumb and index finger, has different meaning in different countries.
第四节 非谓语动词的几种特殊结构
一、否定结构：
所有非谓语动词的否定结构都是在非谓语动词前直接加否定词not或never等构成。
Not having received a reply, He decided to writer again.
He advised me never to go out alone at night.
二、动词不定式的复合结构
不定式复合结构是指带有主语的动词不定式，其形式有以下两种：
（1）、for sb. to do sth.(侧重动作), 可以用于各种句子结构中。
（2）、of sb. to do sth.(侧重对逻辑主语品行的评价)，这种结构主要用于下列形容词之后：bad, brave, careful careless, clever, foolish, cruel, kind, rude, polite, stupid等。
73.It’s very important ____ us to learn English well.
74.It’s very foolish ____ you to believe him. == You are very foolish to believe him
76.I stepped aside ____ her to pass.
三、动名词的复合结构
由动名词的逻辑主语和动词_ing一起构成，在句子中主要作主语和宾语，其形式有：
（1）、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格+动词的_ing
（2）、人称代词宾格或名词普通格+动词的_ing
注意、A、当句子的主语就是_ing动词的逻辑主语时不能用复合结构。如：
Would you mind opening the door? (You open the door.)
Would you mind my / me opening the door? (I open the door.)
B、_ing作主语放在句首时，只能用第（1）种形式的复合结构。如：
His being ill made us very sad.
C、当无生命的名词或两个以上的名词/代词并列作_ing的逻辑主语时，只能用第（2）种形式的复合结构。如：
Can you hear the noise of the machine running.
Is there any hope of him and his sister winning the prize?
四、独立主格结构
（1）、由“名词或代词主格+动词的_ing形式或过去分词”构成，在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随情况或方式。主要用于句子的主语不是非谓语动词的逻辑主语时。如：
77.All the work_______ (do), he had a rest. （时间状语）
78.Weather ________ (permit), we will go outing tomorrow.（条件状语）
79.The boy stood there, his right hand _______ (raise). （伴随情况）
80.He _____ (be) ill, we sent him to a hospital. （原因状语）
81.There ______ (be) no buses, we had to walk home.（原因状语）
（2）、由“with/without +名词/代词宾格+动词_ing /过去分词/不定式/介词（短语）/形容词/副词”等构成，在句子中可以作状语或定语。如：
82.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _____ (tie) behind his back.
83.With a lot of work ____ (do), I can’t go to the cinema with you.
84.He left without anybody ______ (know).
五、“连接词+ to do”，“when/while/though/unless/if, etc. + done /doing”结构的区别
（1）、“连接词+to do”相当于一个名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语和表语，常可以转换成由该连词引出的从句。
(2)、“when/while/though/unless/if, etc. + done/doing” 在句子中只能作状语，主句的主语是此结构中doing和done的逻辑主语，如果它们之间的关系是主动的，就用doing，是被动的就用done。
85. Please tell me what _______ (do ) next. ==Please tell me what I should do next.
86. The problem is whether _______ (go) by bus or by plane.
87. When ______ (start) the project hasn’t been decided yet.
88. Be careful when / while ________(cross) the street.
89. When________ (heat), ice will melt.
90. He won’t go to the party unless _______ (invite).
第五节 动词不定式的两种省略情况
一、省略不定式符号to的情况：
(1).不定式在感官动词notice, observe, feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, 和使让动词have, make, let 之后作宾语补足语时，符号to必须省略。但是当这些动词用于被动语态时，动词不定式变为主语补足语，符号to不能省略。
例：We often hear him sing the song at home.→ He is often heard to sing the song at home.
(2).在动词help之后作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式，符号to可有可无。
(3).两个或两个以上的不定式由连词and / or / than / but 等连接时，从第二个不定式起的符号to常常省略。
例：The students are taught to read, write and do many other things.
注意：如果要强调对比，不能省略to。
例：It’s more difficult to do than to say.
The teacher came not to punish you but to help you.
I wondered whether to stay or to leave.
(4).不定式作表语，用来解释主语部分中do的内容时可以不带to。如：
What we want to do now is (to) lie down and rest.
The first thing she did was go up to her trainer and thank her.
(5).在why或why not引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中不能带to。
Why quarrel with your mother? Why not join us?
(6).在一些类似情态动词的词组如：had better, would rather … than … , can’t (help / choose) but 等之后的动词不带to。
(7).不定式作but或except的宾语时，若前面有实意动词do / does / did / to do等形式，不带to。如：
I did nothing but / except do my homework last night.
She had nothing to do but wait.
(8).当助动词do / does / did用来加强语气或构成倒装句时，其后的动词不能带to。如：
Seldom does he go home this term. I did tell him the news.
(9).当dare用作实意动词时，后面的不定式有时也不带to，特别是在否定句中。
She didn’t dare (to) ask the teacher.
Come tell me if he arrives. Go tell your mother. Try open the door again.
二、省略to之后的动词部分的情况：
一般说来，当不定式内容是重复前面的内容时，to后的成分可以承前省略，但要保留符
号to，此时省略的成分相当于do so，这种结构一定要有上文或一定的语境。如：
_ Will you go with me? _ Well, I’d like to.
_ Why didn’t you bring an umbrella with you? _ I meant to, but I forgot about it.
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to.
He can’t eat as much as he used to.
注意：当不定式内容是助动词be / have时，to后要保留原形的be / have。如：
He hasn’t succeeded in the exam, but in fact he ought to have.
She is no longer what she used to be.
第六节 非谓语动词综合练习
1. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _______ at the meeting by my boss. (2004)
A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned
2. Helen had to shout _______ above the sound of the music. (2004 Ⅲ)
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
3. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _____ in making the earth a better place to live. (2003)
A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing
4. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ______ .
A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to
5. Victor apologized for ______ to inform me of the change in the plan. (2004)
A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able
6. _ Mum, why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day?
_ ______ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. (NMET)
A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting
7. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult. (NMET1999)
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
8. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET). A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
9. Don’t leave the water _______ while you brush your teeth. (2004)
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
10. With two exams _______ , I have to work really hard this weekend. (2004)
A. worrying about B. worried about C. to worry about D. to worry
11. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _______ in your mind instead of before your eyes. (2004)
A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed
12. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to ______ before the party. (2004)
A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change
13. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen. (2003)
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
14. Alice returned from the manager’s office, _______ me that the boss wanted to see me at once. (2004). A. having told B. tells C. to tell D. telling
15. _______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (2004) A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have wait
参考答案：1~5 CDBCC 6~10 CBABC 11~15 CABDC
非谓语动词总结练习参考答案
第二节：1. to be looking 2. to have been working 3. to have invented 4. to have gone
5. to go 6. to understand 7. to wash 8. to be washed
9.to visit 10. to sit 11. to answer 12. to blame
13. to fire 14. to be fired 15. Walking 16. having taught
17.singing 18. having finished 19. joining 20. being invited
21. watering 22. giving 23. being built 24. Given
25. reading
第三节：26. To refuse 27. Walking 28. Teaching 29. To be
30. To see; Seeing 31. To say 32. Reading 33. to give
34. holding 35. arguing 36. swimming; to swim 37. to go
38. crying 39. to finish; working 40. seeing; to post 41. being paid; to turn 42. missing; to say 43. cheating; to hurt 44. to do; thinking 45. talking; to talk
46. working; to read 47. looking/to be looked; to look 48. visiting; to be visited/being visited 49. To wait 50. to study 51. to do 52. to go 53. to learn
54. teaching; to be 55. to visit 56. moving; moved 57. to have 58. Seen
59. leaving 60. to go 61. to believe 62. Being 63. being cleaned/cleaned
64. playing 65. sing 66. cleaned 67. open; walk; sit 68. help
69. examined 70. understood 71. smoking 72. to play
第四节：73. for 74. of 75. for 76. for 77. done 78. permitting
79. raised 80. being 81. being 82. tied 83. to do 84. knowing
85. to do 86. to go 87. to start 88. crossing 89. heated 90. invited
篇3：虚拟语气 学案设计(人教版英语高考复习)
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的。
一．在非真实条件句中
虚拟条件句（if从句） 主句
与现在事实
相反 主语 + 主语 + would/could/might/ should + do
与过去事实
相反 主语 + 主语 + would/could/might/should + have done
与将来事实
相反 ①主语 + did
②主语 +were to do
③主语 + should do 主语 + would/could/might/should + do
1 If I were you, I would buy it. 2 If she knew English, she would ask me for help now.
3 If you had got up earlier, you would have caught the train yesterday.
注意：错综时间条件句：从句和主句发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要分别根据它所表示的不同时间作相应的调整。 5 If you had followed my advice (听从)yesterday, you would be better now.
6 If they had studied hard in the past, they would do it easily now.
二 省略if的情况: 虚拟条件句中含were , should, had 时，可省略if,把这几个词置于句首。
3. Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
三 含蓄条件句 :使用with, without, but, or,or else, otherwise， but for(= if it were not for…与现在事实相反；if it had not been for…与过去事实相反)等代条件句。
1 We couldn’t have succeeded without your help.(没有你的帮助)
2 But for the rain（要不是） we would have finished the work.
3 He telephoned to inform me of your birthday. or (=If he hadn’t telephoned to inform me of your birthday)I would have known nothing about it.
但是： If it were not for the fact that she ____sing, I would invite her to the party. C
A. couldn’tB. shouldn’t C. can’tD. mightn’t
四 常用虚拟语气的句型
(一) 在下列句型中，常用“should + 动词原形”且should可以省略：
1 表示要求，建议，命令，提议，意愿等的主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句中。
注意：当suggest作__________讲，insist作_________讲，后边that从句不用虚拟语气。
2 在It is + 形容词(necessary, natural, strange, etc. ) + that从句中。
在It is/was a pity（a shame, no wonder, etc. ） + that从句中。
1）We all agreed to his suggestion（that）we (should abandon the plan. 放弃那个计划.
2) It is suggested that the meeting should be put off next week.（被推迟）
3) It’s necessary/important/natural that we_______________________每天打扫房间.
但是1) Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. （从未偷过）
2) The look on his face suggested that he was angry.
但是： It is（high/about）time（that）sb.did sth /should do sth
Eg: It is high time we started / should start. 动身出发
(二) 用动词的过去式表示与现在事实（或将来事实）相反，用动词的过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的句型。
1)．wish后that引导的宾语从句中。(表示对将来的设想，用could/would/might+v.)
2)．as if（though）引导的表语从句或方式状语从句中。
3)．would rather后的宾语从句中。
4)．If only引导的感叹句中。
1 I wish I _______________________. 和你一样聪明。
2 I wish he ______________________ tomorrow. 再次尝试
3 He looks as if/though he ____________________. 他是一个艺术家
4 I’d rather you _________________ there yesterday. 不去
5 Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _______________ (follow) your advice.
篇4：09届高三英语语法复习（一） 学案设计(人教版英语高三)
定 语 从 句
编写人：陈尚琢
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词，关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as，关系副词有when, where, why.
一、关系词的基本用法
who 指人，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
whom 指人，在从句中作宾语
whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语
that 指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
which 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语
as 指人、物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语
where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语
why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语
（1）The man (whom /who/that) my mother saw in the street is my teacher.
（2）The book which/ that tells us about the earth is interesting.
（3）She lives in a house whose windows faces south.
（4）Do you know the boy whose father is an English teacher?
（5）I have never heard such stories as he tells.
（6）I’ll never forget the day when /on which I joined the army.
（7）I won’t forget the factory where / in which my father worked.
（8）Tell me the reason why you came late.
二、必须用“that”引导的定语从句
1、当先行词是不定代词all，little, few, much, anything , everything, none, nothing, no one, some等时。
He did everything that he could to help us.
2、先行词被all, every, no , some, any , little, much, the only, the very, the right, last , few , just 等修饰时。
The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.
3、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词
最高级时。
This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.
4、当先行时前有such 或the same修饰时，先行词和关系代词指同一物时。
She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.
5、先行词既有人又有物时，
Later they talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
6、当主句是以who或which开始时的特殊疑问句时，
Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
7、在同一个句子里，若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用了which， 另一个宜用that.
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
8、当关系代词在从句中作表语时。（只限于限制性定语从句中）
China is no longer the country that it used to be.
9、当先行词是集体名词时，多用that，
He wants to join the team that won the game.
10、that在有些句型中可作为关系副词，且可省略。
I don’t like the way (that) he talks to me.
三、只用which不用that时情况
1、引导非限制性定语从句时，
Bruce went toward the fire, which was still smoking.
2、先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置。
This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.
3、先行词本身是that时，
What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?
4、先行词后有插入语时，
Here is the English grammar book which, as I’ve told you, will help improve your English.
5、which 用作表语，指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特性、品质或才能的人。
He is an engineer, which I am not。
关系代as：在限制性定语从句中用在such, the same, as, so之后，as引导的定语从句常采用省略形式。
I have the same book as you（have）.
Take as many as you want.
Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.
This is such a book as was given to me.
四、关系代词的省略情况
1、关系代在从句中作宾语时。
Have you received the book (that) I sent you last week?
2、关系代词在从句中作表语时。
Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.
3、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而这个介词又在句末时。
This is the artist (whom) I spoke to you about.
注意：关系代词的省略是指在限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。
五、带介词的定语从句
1、固定词组，介词置于后，关系代词使用灵活。
This is the child (whom / who/ that) she is looking after.
2、非固定词组，介词位置灵活，关系代词使用严格。
The man (whom/ who/ that) I spoke to is a friend of mine.
The man to whom I spoke is a friend of mine.
3、介词词组（关系代词远离先行词）
In front of, on top of ,at the foot of, with the help of, as a result of.
We stand in a building in front of which stands a lab.
We arrived at a hill, on top of which stood a tower.
4、代词/数词+of +关系代词
He has written many books, most of which are fo可以修饰名词、
代词、短语、主句的一部分或全句，它和主句之间常用逗号隔开，朗读时前后有停顿。
I live in Beijing where my parents worked ten years ago.
as 引导非限制性定语从句与which 的区别
1、用于非限制性定语从句时，可以指代整个主句的内容，as 和which 可以换用。
He left her, as/ which was strange.
2、as 姻骶涞墓叵凳分密切，不可用逗号隔开，在口语中前后没有停顿?br>He is the man whose father died last week.
That is the reason why I didn’t open the door.
非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词起描述或补充说明的作用，省略后也不影响全句的意思，非限制性定语从句可以修饰名词、
代词、短语、主句的一部分或全句，它和主句之间常用逗号隔开，朗读时前后有停顿。
I live in Beijing where my parents worked ten years ago.
as 引导非限制性定语从句与which 的区别
1、用于非限制性定语从句时，可以指代整个主句的内容，as 和which 可以换用。
He left her, as/ which was strange.
2、as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首，句中和句尾。
As everyone knows, Tom is good at English.
The earth, as we know, moves round the sun.
3、非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时，常用as 作主语。
as is said/ known/ announced/ reported/ mentioned/ expected/ disused等。
As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.
4、as引导非限秩荩从句意思可与主句相反，即从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词?br>He can write a letter in English, which I cannot.
He was married again, which was unexpected.
定语从句运用中的注意点
1、（1）是用the one还是用that , which, where.
（2）Is this school _______ you study in?
（3）Is this the school ______ you study in?
（4）Is this the school _______ you study?
（5）Is this school ______ is a senior one?
A. that/which B. where C. the one
D. the one where E. C9在句中或句尾。
The football match, which I watched yesterday, is very interesting.
7、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句的谓语带有宾语，有的还带宾语补足语。
After that things improved, which astonished me.
Water changes into steam, which is known to be a physical change.
8、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句意思可与主句相反，即从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词。
He can write a letter in English, which I cannot.
He was married again, which was unexpected.
定语从句运用中的注意点
1、（1）是用the one还是用that , which, where.
（2）Is this school _______ you study in?
（3）Is this the school ______ you study in?
（4）Is this the school _______ you study?
（5）Is this school ______ is a senior one?
A. that/which B. where C. the one
D. the one where E. the one that / which
遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用the one的形式，接着再看the one在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用the one where，若作主语或宾语时，则用the one (that/ which)
2、是用when还是用that, which
（1）May 1 is the day ______ we spent toge I met you.
（2）定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的边接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句；若连接词在句中不作成分时，则为结果状语从句。
试比较：
He is such a kind person as everybody likes.
He is such a kind person that everybody likes him.
（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定雨Dthat, 若整个句子结构和意义不受影响，则为强调结构，否则为定语从句。
4、定语从句与其他从句的区别
（1）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则是定语从句，试比较：
You should leave the toy where you can find.
I still remember the bus stop where / at which I met you.
（2）定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的边接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句；若连接词在句中不作成分时，则为结果状语从句。
试比较：
He is such a kind person as everybody likes.
He is such a kind person that everybody likes him.
（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句，不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。试比较：
The news that he had been back surprised us all.
The mews (that) he told us surprised us all.
5、way 后面的定语从句（用that/ in which 或省略）
Please tell me the way (that/ in which) you did the job.
Consolidation:
一、用适当的关系代词填空：
1. He lent me a thousand dollars, ___9 C. Anyone who D. The one
4. I’ll remember the time _____ we spent together in the country.
A. that B. when C. during which D. at which
5. Only those ______ knew well could be let in.
A. that B. he C. who D. which
6. The result of the experiment was very good, _____ we hadn’t expected.
A. as B. that C. which D. what
7. _____is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
8. The book, _____ the cover is broken, is not mine.
A. of it B. of which C. for which D. whose
9. Who _____ has seen the TV film doesn’t admire it?
A. that B. who C. which%0_____ they say is a gome.
9. Compared to _________ the girl is now today, she showed no confidence then especially in front of the public.
10. Hope Project got another donation of one million yuan with ________ to assist more poor children back to school.
二、单项选择填空：
1. Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago?
A. where B. when C. that D. what
2. He keeps a record of everything ________ he had seen there.
A. where B. that C. which D. what
3._____ breaks the rules should be punished.
A. Those who B. Who C. Anyone who D. The one
4. I’ll remember the time _____ we spent together in the country.
A. that B. when C. during which D. at which
5. Only those ______ knew well could be let in.
A. that B. he C. who D. which
6. The result of the experiment was very good, _____ we hadn’t expected.
A. as B. that C. which D. what
7. _____is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
8. The book, _____ the cover is broken, is not mine.
A. of it B. of which C. for which D. whose
9. Who _____ has seen the TV film doesn’t admire it?
A. that B. who C. which D. as
10. It’s a matter of _____ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
11. I don’t like the way _____ he looks at me .
A. in that B. which C. of which D. /
12. The thought of going back home was ____ kept him happy while he was working abroad.
A. that B. all that C all what .D. which
13. The village has developed a lot _____ we learned farming two years ago.
A. when B. on which C. that D. where
14. I don’t know the number of people ______ this happens is very large.
A. whom B.to whom C. of which D. which
15.-where did you get to know her?
-It was on the farm _____ we worked.
A. that B. there C.which D. where
16. The students in Tianjin are using the same teaching books _____ we are now using.
A. whose B. as C. which D. that
17. . It was twelve o’clock _____ they arrived home.
A. since B. which C. that D. when
18. I think you have got to the point ______ a change is needed, otherwise you’ll fail.
A. when B. that C. where D. which
19. The meeting was put off, ______ was exactly _____ we wanted.
A. it, that B. as, that C. which, what D. this , what
20. I will hire the man ______ they say is a good English speaker.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
21. The brave man, ______ the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.
A. of whom B. by that C. by whom D. by which
22. The old lady, ______ had been killed in the war , was given help by the local government.
A. all whose children B. all of whose children
C. whose all the children D. all of her children
23. The book was written in 1946 , ______ the education system has witnessed great changes.
A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when
24. The village _____ we see today is no longer _____ it was a decade ago.
A. that, that B. which, how C. /, what D. what, which
25. . My hometown is no longer the one ____ she used to be.
A. whom B. that C. who D. which
26. I don’t know the reason _____ you were absent from the meeting , but I am sure that someone will tell me the reason ______ you haven’t told me.
A. why, that B. that, why C. because, which D. of which, that
27. Many old people like to live _____ there are many trees and flowers.
A. in which B. in that C. which D. where
28. The bike ______ I spent 400 yuan has been stolen.
A. in which B. on which C. for it D. which
29 Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the day _____ they swam in it.
A. that B. who C. where D. when
30.Henry Adams, for ____money was now not a problem, wanted to stay in an expensive hotel.
A. whom B. whose C. his D. which
31. I have many friends, _____ few are businessmen.
A. of them B. from which C. of who D. of whom
32. _____ the house Mr Zhang has been broken into?
A.when was it that B. when has C. Has D. Had
33. He has directed more than 20 films , but only a few of _____ were successful.
A. which B. those C. them D. these
34. There isn’t so much noise in the country _____ in big cities.
A. as B. where C. which D. that
35. Have you asked her for the reason _____ may explain her absence?
A. why B. that C. what D. because that
三、将下列句子转换成含有定语从句的复合句。
1. China is a developing country, with Beijing as its capital.
China is a developing country, __________________________.
2. The thief, having been caught slipping into the bank, was arrested by the police.
The thief, __________________________________., was arrested by the police.
3. It is known to us all that light travels faster than sound.
___________________, light travels faster than sound.
4. There are lots of birds flying south for winter every year.
There are lots of birds ____________________________.
5. The Hope School has been set up where a wasteland used to be.
The Hope School has been set up __________________________.
6. That stone is so heavy that no one can remove it away.
That is such a heavy stone ________________________.
答案：
一、用适当的关系代词填空：
which that where(in which) As which
Where whether whose what which
二、单项选择填空：
1~20 CBCAB CDBAA DBDBD BDCDA
21~35 CBDCB ADBDA DCCAB
三、将下列句子转换成含有定语从句的复合句。
1. China is a developing country, whose capital is Beijing.
2. The thief, who had been caught slipping into the bank, was arrested by the police.
3.As is known to us all, light travels faster than sound.
4. There are lots of birds that fly south for winter every year.
5. The Hope School has been set up in the place which used to be a wasteland.
6. That is such a heavy stone as no one can remove away.
篇5：倒装句与高考(June, ) 学案设计(人教版英语高考复习)
教学目标：1、学习倒装句的形成条件；
2、分析倒装句的句子结构；
3、做好高考选择题，学会写作倒装句。
教学方法：典型高考题示范。
教学步骤：
（一）高考题导入：
1）、_______homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest.（福建）
A. So much B. Too much C. Too little D. So little
2）、Only then ______ how much damage had been caused.（陕西）
A. had she realized B. she realized C. did she realized D. she had realized
(二) 倒装句概述：
1、倒装的目的：由于结构和修辞的需要
2、倒装句分类：部分倒装和全部倒装。
3、语序：谓语的一部分或全部放在主语前面。
（三）倒装句分类及例析：
1、全部倒装：
1）直接引语的部分或全部在句首时用倒装。
“Who can answer the question?” asked the teacher.
2）、there, here 或there 开头的句子
There will be a football match this afternoon.
There goes the bell
3)表示方位的副词放句首时用倒装
Out rushed the students.
4)为了句子平衡，或使上下文衔接，把介词短语、副词、形容词等放句首。
On top of the books____ the photo album you are looking for.(上海春季)
A. is B.are C. has D. have
At the foot of the mountain _______ （20四川高考）
A. a village lie B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lying a village
2、部分倒装：
1）“so + be / have -----+ 主语”或“neither / nor + be / have------ + 主语”，表示前面的情况也适用于另一人或事。
He is a teacher, so am I
Of the making of good books there is no end; neither____ any end to their influence on man’s lives.(广东)
there is B. there are C. is there D. are there
2)含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时，多用部分倒装。如：few, little, never, not, not until, nowhere, rarely, seldom, hardly------when, no sooner----than,等。
Never in the wildest dreams ____ these people are living in such poor conditions．（2006安徽高考）
A．I could imagine B．could I imagine
C．I couldn’t imagine D．couldn’t I imagine
Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else____ such a beautiful place.(20辽宁)
A．can you find B. you could find C. you can find D. could you find
3）only 所强调的状语位于句首用倒装。
Only then ______ how much damage had been caused.（2006年陕西高考）
A. had she realized B. she realized C. did she realized D. she had realized
4）not until放句首时：not until +副词/状语从句+助动词 + 主语。
Not until recently _______he was a scientist.
A. I did know C. did I know C. I didn’t know D. didn’t I know
5)not only-----but also---在句首，强调的不是主语,用倒装。
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
6）在虚拟条件句中，省略连词if ,把were, had, should 置于句首。
_______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.（2006年湖北）
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you beD. Might you be
（四）高考题等精选：
A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet
2).Only in this way ___ progress in your English.
A. you make B. can you make C. you be able to make D. will able to make
3）So difficult ______ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.（2006年广东）
A. I did find B. did I findC. I have found D. have I found
4）---It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?
---Yes. ________yesterday（2006年福建）
A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it
5). So little____ with each other that the neighbouring countries could not settle their difference.(20上海春季)
A. they agreed B. agreed they C. did they agree D. they did agree
6) The old couple have married for 40 years and never once ___ with each other.(全国)
A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled
C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled.
7) ____ so busy, I should go with you.
A. Were I not B. Was I not C. If I am not D. I were not
8).He likes swimming, but he doesn’t enjoy skating.
A. So do I B. It is so with me C. Neither do I. D. It is the same with me.
9).Hardly____ we ___ the lab when the power ___ off.
A. Had; left; was B. did; leave; broke; C. had; left; had been D. did; leave; had been
A．than B. when C.then D.that
(五).Hemowork:Choose the best or right answer.
1).Not only ___ polluted but ___ crowded.
A. was the city; were the streets
B. the city was; were the streets
C. was the city; the streets were
D. the city was; the streets were
2) A)Not only food production is important but also taking care of the
environment (is important).
B)Not only is food production important but
also taking care of the environment (is important).
3)A)Not only there are some famous scientists in the museum, but also
there are some well-known artists.
B)Not only are there some famous scientists in the museum, but also
there are some well-known artists.
篇6：第七章：动词概述 学案设计(人教版英语高考复习)
d. He said it in a loud voice.
11.on / about表示 “关于”时的区别: on一般用于比较大或涉及比较广深的问题, 比较正式; 而about用于表示一般的问题
a. This is a little story about a little hero.
b. He will give us a talk an DNA.
动词的分类
动词按其在句中所充当的句子成分分为谓语动词和非谓语动词
一.谓语动词: 用于谓语中的动词称为谓语动词. 按照其能否独立作谓语, 谓语动词又可分为两类:
1.能独立作谓语的动词称为完全动词, 即实义动词;
2.不能独立作谓语的动词称为不完全动词, 包括: 连系动词, 情态动词, 助动词
情态动词和助动词参看其他章节
二.非谓语动词: 不充当谓语的动词形式称为非谓语动词, 包括: 不定式, 分词(现在分词和过去分词), 动名词三种, 它们在句中可以充当主语, 宾语, 表语, 定语, 状语等, 具体细节参看第十一章.
三.使用实义动词时要注意的问题:
1.实义动词分为及物与不及物, 及物动词要求有宾语, 能用于被动语态; 不及物动词不能有宾语, 不能用于被动语态
2.实义动词还可分为持续动词与瞬间动词, 前者可以与表示段时间的时间状语连用, 而后者不可. 但瞬间动词的否定式表示“该动作没有发生”, 可视为一种可持续的状态, 并可与段时间状语连用
a. They watched the train leave for five minutes. ( watch是持续动词)
b. I received his letter yesterday. ( receive是瞬间动词)
c. How long have you joined the army ?(错误: joined是瞬间动词, 不能与段时间how long连用)
d. When did you join the army ? (正确)
e. How long have you been in the army ? (正确)
f. How long may I borrow the book ? (错误: borrow是瞬间动词, 不能与段时间how long连用)
g. How long may I keep the book ? (正确)
h. I haven’t received his letter for almost two months. (not receive表示“没有收到”, 这一意思可视为一种持续的状态, 因此可以和段时间two months连用)
四.短语动词的种类: 共有五种不同的短语动词
1. “动词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: depend on, look for
2. “动词+副词”: 有的相当于及物动词, 如: look up(查找), 有的相当于不及物动词, 如: slow down(慢下来). 这类短语动词的宾语是代词时, 只能放在动词和副词之间, 如: call her up; 这类短语动词的宾语是名词时, 既可放在动词和副词之间, 也可放在副词之后, 如: call Tom up或call up Tom
3. “动词+副词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: keep away from
4. “动词+名词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: lose sight of
5. “be +形容词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: be worthy of
动词的形式
一.动词的基本形式有: ①.原形; ②.单数第三人称现在时形式, 即词尾加 – s / - es; ③.过去式; ④.过去分词; ⑤.–ing 形式
二.动词第三人称单数现在时形式的构成规则:
②.动词以-s, -x, -sh, -ch, -o结尾时, 加-es, 如: passes, fixes, washes, teaches, goes
③.动词以辅音字母加y结尾时, 将y变为i, 再加-es, 如: carries, cries, flies, studies
三.动词的过去式和过去分词的构成规则:
1.规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成规则:
①.一般情况下词尾加-ed, 如: worked, wanted, opened, answered, played, obeyed
②.以不发音的-e结尾的词在词尾加-d, 如: hope –hoped, like –liked;
③.以辅音字母+y结尾的, 将y变为i, 再加–ed, 如: study –studied, try –tried;
④.以重读闭音节或-r音节结尾, 末尾只有一个辅音字母(x除外)的, 双写末尾的辅音字母, 再加-ed, 如: stop –stopped, clap -clapped, plan-planned, refer-referred, admit –admitted, permit –permitted
⑤.少数双音节动词, 尽管重音在第一个音节, 仍双写末尾的辅音字母, 然后再加-ed, 如: travel –traveled, program –programmed, 但美式英语不双写辅音字母
2.不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成: (参看不规则动词表)
四.动词的-ing形式的构成规则:
①.一般情况直接加-ing, 如: working, studying, going, seeing, staying
②.以不发音的-e结尾, 去掉-e再加-ing, 如: live –living, move-moving;
③.以重读闭音节或-r音节结尾, 末尾又只有一个辅音字母(x除外), 将末尾辅音字母双写, 再加-ing, 如: planning, starring, beginning, referring;
④.少数几个以-ie结尾的重读开音节动词, 应将-ie变成y, 再加- ing, 如: die –dying, tie –tying, lie –lying
⑤.少数双音节动词, 虽然重音在第一音节, 也双写末尾的辅音字母, 然后再加-ing, 如: travel –traveling, 但在美式英语中一般不双写
⑥.以非重读的元音字母加-l结尾的动词构成-ing时, l要双写, 再加-ing(美国英语不双写), 如: travelling, quarrelling
篇7：第八章：谓语动词 学案设计(人教版英语高考复习)
总述: 谓语动词的变化形式取决于时态和语态: 英语的时态有十六种, 中学英语中有十二种常见的时态; 语态有两种, 即主动语态和被动语态
1.在主动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下:
一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现在 do / does am / is / are doing have / has done have / has been doing
过去 did was / were doing had done had been doing
将来 shall / will do shall / will be doing shall / will have done X
如果谓语是be动词, 则可用be动词的适当形式( be / am / is / are / was / were / been)代替以上表格中的黑体字部分. 此外, 过去将来时的形式是: should / would do或should / would be
2.在被动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下:
一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现在 am / is / are done am / is / are being done have / has been done X
过去 was / were done was / were being done had been done X
将来 shall / will be done X shall / will have been done X
另外, 过去将来时的被动语态形式是should / would be done
主动语态
在主动语态中, 高中英语中常见的有十二个时态
一.一般现在时:
1.构成: 通常以动词原形表示. 主语为第三人称单数时, 则用动词的第三人称单数形式来表示
2.用法:
①.表示现状, 性质, 状态, 经常的或习惯性的动作
a. It is fine today.
b. I am a student.
c. I get up at six every day.
d. My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.
②.表示客观事实或普遍真理
a. Japan is to the east of China.
b. The sun rises in the east.
c. A horse is a useful animal.
a. My train leaves at 6:30.
b. The football match is played the day after tomorrow.
④.在时间和条件状语从句中可用一般现在时动词代替一般将来时动词
a. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him.
b. We will go if it is fine tomorrow.
c. I will be away when he arrives.
d. We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives.
e. Mother, I won’t go out unless you agree.
f. Don’t try to run before you begin to walk.
⑤.在某些以here / there开头的句子中用一般现在时动词表示现在正在发生的动作
b. There goes the bell.
⑥.在体育比赛过程中, 解说员叙述迅速, 短暂动作时, 可用一般现在时, 表示正在进行的或刚刚发生的动作
a. Ma Lianbao passes the ball to Mu Tiezhu, Mu shoots – a fine shot !
⑦.在剧本或图片的说明文字中, 用一般现在时表示动作
a. When the curtain rises, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it up and listens quietly.
二.现在进行时:
1.构成: am / is / are doing
2.用法:
①.表示说话时正在进行着的动作, 或现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作
a. I am writing a letter.
b. My mother is making a dress these few days.
a. They are going to Shanghai on Friday.
③.现在进行时动词与always, continually, constantly等连用, 表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作
a. The little boy is always asking questions.
b. You are always saying that sort of thing.
④.在一定的上下文中, 前一句用一般现在时动词表述现在发生的事实, 后一句用现在进行时动词来阐述这一事实的原因, 结果, 目的等
a. He frowns. He is worrying about his boy.他皱着眉头, 因为他在为他的孩子担心. (is worrying表示原因)
b. She criticizes him. She is trying to correct his wrong habits. 她批评他, 想纠正他的坏习惯. (is trying表示目的)
c. She lets her child have his own way. She is spoiling him. 她不管她的孩子, 把他惯坏了. ( is spoiling表示结果)
⑤.不表示持续的行为, 而表示知觉, 感觉, 看法, 认识, 感情, 愿望或某种状态的动词通常不用现在进行时, 如: see, hear, smell, taste, recognize, notice, forget, remember, understand, know, believe, suppose, mean, think, love, hate, care, like, dislike, worry, forgive, want, wish, hope, refuse, feel like, belong to , possess, own, have, be, seem等
三.现在完成时:
1.构成: have / has done
2.用法:
①.表示动作在说话之前己经完成, 而后果或影响至今仍存在
a. He has gone to Shanghai. ( =He went to Shanghai and he is not here now. )
b. I have opened the window. ( =I opened the window and the window is now open.)
c. The concert has started. ( =The concert started and is now going on. )
d. I have had breakfast. (=I had breakfast and I am not hungry now. )
②.表示开始于过去, 持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态, 用于延续性动词, 且句中常带有表示段时间的时间状语
a. I have studied English since 1987.
b. He has lived here for two years.
c. He has been ill for ten days.
3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:
①.现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去, 但前者将过去的动作与现在的结果或对现在的影响联系起来, 而后者只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在无关
②.现在完成时不能与表明确时间的状语如: yesterday, last year, two days ago, when I came in等连用, 但可与表示不明确时间的状语如: already, yet, sometimes, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever等连用, 也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语如: this morning, today, this week, this year等连用
b. I have met him before.
c. Ma Hong has always been a good student.
d. Have you ever been to the Great Wall ?
e. I have seen him this morning.
四.现在完成进行时:
1.构成: have / has been doing
2.特征: 现在完成进行时兼有现在完成时和现在进行时两者的特点
①.它具有现在完成时的特点, 即表示动作发生在过去, 延续到现在或对现在产生影响
②.它具有现在进行时的特点, 即可以表示此动作仍在进行或还会继续
a. Mr. Smith has taught English for twenty years. ( 至今为止教过二十年英语, 至于teach是否结束或是否延续, 不得而知)
b. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for twenty years.( 现在仍在教英语,而且将持续下去)
3.用法:
①.表示现在之前的一段时间里一直进行的动作, 此动可能仍在进行, 也可能刚刚停止
a. I have been reading the book all the morning.
b. He has been staying here for two hours.
c. I have been living in Beijing since 1972.
②.表示现在之前的一段时间里一再重复的动作
a. I have been calling you several times in the past two days.
4.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别: 前者着重表示过去动作对现在的影响或结果; 后者着重表示过去动作的持续进行
a. I have written six letters since I got back.我己经写了六封信 (强调结果)
b. I have been writing letter since I got back. 我回家后一直在写信 (强调“一直在写”)
c. I have read this book.我读过这本书了(强调“读过”这一结果)
d. I have been reading this book.我一直在读这本书 (强调“一直在读”)
五.一般过去时:
1.构成: 用动词的过去式表示
2.用法:
①.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内发生的动作或情况, 其中包括习惯性动作
a. I met him yesterday.
b. I used to go to school early every morning.
c. He entered the classroom, sat down at his desk and began to work.
d. Last night, I listened to the radio for two hours and went to bed at midnight.
②.在时间, 条件状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时
a. Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home.
③.用一般过去时的句子一般有过去的时间状语, 有时也用地点状语暗示动作的发生是在过去
a. Have you seen a pen ? I left it here this morning.
六.过去进行时:
1.构成: was / were doing
2.用法:
①.表示过去某一时刻正在进行或一段时间内一直在进行的动作或情况
a. This time yesterday we were having an important meeting.
b. A year ago we were living in Shanghai.
②.过去进行时常与always, continually, frequently等词连用, 表示过去经常发生或反复发生的情况
a. The old man was always losing his way.
b. The two brothers were frequently quarrelling.
④.过去进行时经常与一般过去时配合使用, 过去进行时表示过去的时间背景
a. The teacher was giving us a lesson when Tom walked into the room.
七.过去完成时:
1.构成: had done
2.用法:
①.表示过去某时间或动作以前己经完成的动作或己存在的状态, 即“过去的过去”
a. When all his money had gone, Marx had to leave his house in London.
b. Marx had learned some English before he got to England.
c. He said he had never been to Shanghai.
d. By the middle of last month I had lived in Beijing for five years.
②.在带有after / before引导的时间状语的句子中, 由于after / before本身的词义己经表明了时间的先后, 所以这类句子中常用一般过去时代替过去完成时
a. We left the house before it began to rain.
b. I didn’t wait long before he came.
c. After we finished the tea, we all sat on the grass.
d. After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.
八.过去完成进行时:
1.构成: had been doing
2.用法: 表示一直持续进行到过去某一时刻的动作, 该动作可能刚刚结束, 也可能还在进行
a. I had been waiting for two hours before the manager came down to see me.
b. By the end of he had been learning English for five years.
九.一般将来时: 一般将来时有以下几种表现形式
1.shall / will do (shall用于第一人称), 此结构表示单纯的将来, 不涉及主语的主观意愿
a. I shall be twenty years old next year.
b. You will meet him at the station this afternoon.
c. The train will arrive soon.
2.be going to do sth, 此结构表示打算最近或将来要做某事, 或说话人根据己有迹象认为非常可能即将发生的事
a. I am going to meet Tom at the station at six.
b. He is going to stay here for a week.
c. Look at these black clouds --- it is going to rain.
d. I am afraid I am going to have a bad cold.
3.be +动词不定式, 此结构表示职责, 义务, 意图, 约定, 可能性等
a. You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
b. There is to be a sports meet next week.
c. We are to meet at the school gate.
4.be about to do sth, 此结构表示“立刻, 马上”要做某事或发生某情况
a. We are about to leave.
b. Autumn harvest is about to start.
十.将来进行时:
1.构成: shall / will be doing
2.用法:
①.表示将来某时间点或时间段内将在进行的动作
a. This time tomorrow we will be talking with the boss about this matter.
b. I will be studying in this university for the next four years.
②.表示说话人感到某事即将发生或预计要发生某事
a. I will be seeing him next month.
b. We will be taking our holiday at the seaside in July.
c. He will be arriving at six tomorrow morning.
十一.将来完成时:
1.构成: shall / will have done
2.用法: 表示在将来的某一时刻之前将要完成的动作, 这一动作也可能继续进行
a. By seven o’clock this afternoon we shall have arrived in Shanghai if the train keeps good line.
十二.过去将来时:
1.构成:
①.should / would do
a. He said he would go to Shanghai for the holiday.
b. He told me that I should succeed.
②.was / were going to do
a. They were going to have a meeting.
b. The students were going to plant some trees around the playground.
③.was / were (about) to do
a. We were to finish the work in three days.
b. I was about to go out when a friend dropped in.
2.用法: 过去将来时表示相对过去某一时刻来说将要发生的动作或呈现的状态, 以上各形式的具体用法与一般将来时各形式的用法相似
被动语态
一.被动语态的构成: 见“总述”部分
特别说明: 将来进行时和各种完成进行时态没有被动语态形式
带有情态动词的被动语态的构成: 情态动词 + be +过去分词
a. The work must be done right now.
b. That prisoner may be sentenced to death.
二.用法: 被动语态主要用于
1.不知道谁是动作的执行者时, 用被动语态
a. His bike has been stolen.
b. This window was broken last night.
2.没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时, 用被动语态
a. China was liberated in 1949.
b. I was told you were late this morning.
3.强调或突出动作的承受者时, 用被动语态
a. The plan has already been made.
b. Yao Ming was elected MVP of the last week.
三.主动句变被动句:
1.主动句中的宾语转换成被动句的主语, 时态不变
a. The manager gave me ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
→I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
2.带有宾语从句的主动句变被动句时, 宾语从句变成主语从句, 通常不位于句首, 句首用形式主语it
a. We can learn from the text that delicious apples are big.
→It can be learned from the text that delicious apples are big.
3.带有双宾语的主动句变被动句时, 将直接宾语或间接宾语变成被动句的主语都可
a. My brother gave me a birthday present.
→I was given a birthday present. / A birthday present was given to me.
4.带有复合宾语 (即宾语+宾补) 的主动句变被动句时, 宾补的形式一般不变, 只是名称变成了主补, 但当宾补是不带to的不定式时, 要变成带to的不定式
a. I saw him play near the river. He was seen to play near the river.
5.含有短语动词的主动句变成被动句时, 不要遗漏短语动词中的介词或副词
a. The children must be taken good care of. / Good care must be taken of the children.
四.应注意的问题:
1.“be+过去分词”不一定是被动语态, 也可能是系表结构
a. The children were excited at the news.
b. We are interested in the English novel.
c. The mother was worried about her son’s absence.
2.有些动词形式上用主动语态时含有被动意思
a. This book sells well.这本书很畅销
b. This kind of cloth washed very well.这种布很耐洗
c. This pen writes quite smoothly.这支笔很好使
d. This dish tastes good.这道菜味道不错
e. This kind of cloth feels smooth and soft.这料子摸起光滑柔软
3.不是所有的及物动词都有被动语态, 某些表示状态或关系的动词或短语动词只有主动语态, 而无相对应的被动语态. 常见的这类动词有: cost花费, fit适合, have有, hold容纳, lack缺乏, own拥有, suit适合, fail失败, belong to属于, agree with同意
篇8：Book5 Unit5 Making the news 学案设计(人教版英语高考复习)
必修5Unit4 动词、名词、形容词、副词归类复习（注意一个单词多种词性！）
动词 1. v.集中；全神贯注于__________
2. vt.帮助；协助；援助__________
3. vt.擦亮；磨光；润色__________
4. .vt.解释
5. vt.指控6. vt.出版；发行；发表；公布________
7. vt.递交；呈递__________.
8. vt.否认；拒绝__________
9. vt.告知；通知
名词 1.n 批准_______
2 n.任务；分配__________
3. n.摄影__________
4 n.摄影师__________
5 n.同事__________
6 n.需求 vt.强烈要求__________
7n.业余爱好者__________
8 n.约定；任命__________
9 n.照片 vt.给...照相__________
10. n.职业；专业__________
11. n.指责；谴责；控告__________ 12. n.助手；助理；售货员__________
13. n.最后期限__________
14. n.罪行；犯罪__________
15 n.版(本)；版次_____________
16 n.编辑__________
17 n.部门；部；处；系____
18 n.参加面试者；接受采访者
19 记者；新闻工作者___
20 n.家庭主妇_______
21 n.困境；窘境
22 .情况；病例
形容词 1不同寻常的；独特的__________
2. 彻底的；详尽的__________
3犯罪的；有罪的；内疚的__________
4. 富于想象力的__________
5. 怀疑的__________
6. 技术(上)的；技巧方面__________
7. 简明的；简练的__________
8. 精确的；正确的__________9. 渴望的；热切的__________
10. 快乐的，欣喜的__________
11. 难忘的；永远记得的_________
12. 年长的；高年级的； ________
13. 要求很高的；费力的__________
14. 有天赋的_________
15值得赞扬的
短语 1. 全神贯注
2. 为 –辨护
3. 批准. 4.因-而内疚
5.渴望干某事
6.是---的说明
【练练基本功课前练习】
写出下列动词的过去式、过去分词、现在分词和动词第三人称单数形式：
1. assit ___________ _____________ _______________ _________________
2. inform ___________ _____________ _______________ _________________
3.approve. ___________ _____________ _______________ _________________
4. concentrate. ___________ _____________ _______________ _________________
5. accuse ___________ _____________ _______________ _________________
6.deny. ___________ _____________ _______________ _________________
写出下列单词的变化形式
1.professon.教授 professional adj professon n.职业
2.approve v.赞成.. approval n. disapprove v.不赞成
3.guilt n.内疚 guilty adj guiltily adv.
4.deliberate adj 故意的 delibrately adv
5.occupation n.职业occupational adj occupy v
6.eager adj 急切的 eagerly adv eagernessn.
重点知识导学
Once she is informed____6____ a new case, her normal working process is as follows: first, she makes appointments with guilty people for interviews. So as to acquire accurate stories, she usually demands to record ___7_____they say. Meanwhile, a technically good colleague will assist her in taking photographs. Second, she assesses whether they are ____8______(deliberate) hiding the truth. If she is skeptical about their words, she will look into the case herself. Third, she writes thorough stories ahead of the deadline and submits it to the senior chief editor, ____9____polishes and approves every section. Finally, her stories____10____(publish) in different editions of their magazine.
答案
.1 delighted 2 a 3 in 4 unusual 5 herself
6 of 7_what 8_deliberately 9 who 10 will be pulished
【重点词汇讲解】
1.assist vt帮助，协助（完成工作）
eg. If you assist someone, you help them to do a job or task by doing part of the work for them.
assist sb with sth assist sb to do (in doing) sth 帮助某人做某事
1.朱莉娅正在帮他准备讲演稿。Julia was assisting him to prepare his speech.
2.全家人决定帮助我做家务。The family decided to assist me with my chores
3.阿米德医生的助手是一位年轻的亚裔护士
Dr Amid was assisted by a young Asian nurse.
自由造句____________________________________________________________________
2.inform vt 通知；告知
inform sb of sth 告知某人某事 sb. be informed of听说; 接到...的通知
eg. If you inform someone of something, you tell them about it.
1)他们会把他们取得的任何进步都告诉他。
They would inform him of any progress they had made
2) 歌手们把他们到来的消息告诉了我们
The singer informed us of their arrival.
自由造句____________________________________________________________________
3. case n. 特定情况；事例；实例
Eg. Either he escaped, or he came to grief. In any case, he was never seen again.
他要么逃掉了，要么遭到了不测。不管怎么样，反正再也没有人见过他
in case of 万一，以防 in case后加that从句指“假如……”或“希望
in most cases 在多数情况下 in any case无论如何
1）带把伞吧，以防下雨。Take an umbrella with you in case of rain.
3）在大多数情况下，根本没有十拿九稳的事。
In most cases，there's no such things as certainty.
自由造句____________________________________________________________________
4.demand v vt.要求，请求；需要；n.需求；需要；要求，请求；销路vi.需要；请求；查问
Eg.He said the task of reconstruction would demand much patience, hard work and sacrifice...
他说重建任务将需要付出极大的耐心、艰辛和牺牲
demand作为名词时后面可以跟介词for，表示“需求”。
demand作动词后接宾语从句要用虚拟语气即demand that sb. (should) do的形式。
demand to do sth.
1)Demand for coal is down and so are prices.
煤的需求下降了，煤价也相应下跌。
2)He demands that he shall(should) leave the place immediately
他要求立即离开这个地方。
3)She demanded to be told everything about it. 她要求知道事情的整个经过。
自由造句____________________________________________________________________
5.approve vt& vi.赞成，同意vt.批准；认可；核准；为…提供证据vi.赞同；称许；称赞；满意、喜欢（常与of连用）”，不用于进行时。
Eg.Not everyone approves of the festival...不是所有人都赞成庆祝该节日。
1) 我赞成该提案. I approved of the proposal.
2) 全世界都倾向于赞同他们的计划The world has tended to approve of their plans.
3) 我不喜欢他的态度I didn't approve of his manner
6.depend on|upon depend on sb to do sth
depend on sb for sth
That depends./ It all depends
Eg. Your dreams depend on it.你的成败取决于此。
1)有一些将取决于您的情况。Some depend on your situation
2)我不知道我们能不能帮上忙，一切都得看情况
I don’t know if we can help . It all depends.
3) 你不能仅仅依赖你的经历来帮助你。You can't only depend on your enemy to help you.
4) All living things depend on the sun for their growth.
自由造句____________________________________________________________________
7.concentrate on专心于，把思想集中于；将…集中于…；注；贯注(+n.|doing sth)
Eg.Filter out the noise and nonsense. Only concentrate on what you deeply desire.
过滤掉噪音和胡言乱语，只全神贯注于你内心深处的向往。
1) 吵闹声不绝于耳, 我精神无法集中于学习）.
I can't concentrate (on my studies) with all that noise going on.
2) 我们必须致力于改进教育。We must concentrate our efforts on improving education.
自由造句___________________________________________________________________8.accuse 8. accuse v.指责，谴责；指控accuse sb. of sth. 表示“控告某人某罪”
Eg. Her assistant was accused of theft and fraud by the police...
她的助手被警方指控犯有盗窃和欺诈罪。
I don’ t want to accuse my best friend of telling lies.
1) 有些人可能会指责奥巴马总统过早地宣告胜利
Some will accuse Mr obama of declaring victory too soon.
2） 没有事实你怎么能指责我撒谎呢？
How can you accuse me of lying without knowing the facts
自由造句____________________________________________________________________
9..not only but also
Eg.Not only did this send a message that he wanted me back, but it also motivated me: I actually looked forward to having a new challenge.
这一举动不仅表明他希望我能回去继续为公司工作，同时也激发了我的积极性：实际上，我非常希望能有新的挑战
1) He not only writes his own plays,, but also acts in them.他不仅是自编剧本, 还饰演其中的角色。
2)Not only is the water in the city pollted, but also the streets are crowded with cars .在这个城市不仅水被污染了，而且街道上挤满了车。
若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。
Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你，他也得离开。
若连接两个句子，not only后面的句子要用倒装，
Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 他不仅说得更正确，而且讲得更不费劲了。
自由造句____________________________________________________________________
篇9：捷进英语语法项目高考复习融合串讲学案 (人教版英语高三)
04
模块四 简单句 并列句 复合句 省略句
崔玲玲
☆基础知识自助餐互学释疑，举一反三！☆
考点聚焦 【基本规则、功能与用法】
一.简单句
简单句的定义：简单句就是由一个分句构成的句子。在简单句中，分句和句子合二为一，从而结构合一，分句的成分就是句子的成分。陈述句、疑问句和感叹句都可以在简单句中使用。如：
（1）In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States .你在来信中问到美国不同地区的时间问题。（陈述句）
（2）Is American country music about modern life ?美国乡村音乐写的是现代生活吗？（疑问句）
（3）Wash your hands with soap at the end of your experiment . 在做完实验后要用肥皂洗干净你的双手。（祈使句）
（4）What a difficult case I must have been to this young teacher ! 对这位年轻教师来说，我是一个多么难教的学生啊！（感叹句）
简单句的结构
简单句包含一个分句，也就是一个“主语+谓语”（基本成分）的结构。如：
（1）It is a very slow task . 它是一项费时的工作。
（2）Flies and mosquitoes are very dangerous insects。 苍蝇和蚊子是害虫。（主语并列）
（3）He studied law in his spare time and became a lawyer . 他在业余时间学法律，还当了律师。（谓语并列）
（4）The north has warm , dry winters and hot , wet summers . 北方有温暖、干燥的冬天和炎热、潮湿的夏天。（宾语并列）
二.并列句
（1）I have a problem and I’m writing to ask you for advice . 我有一个问题，所以写信来征求你的意见。
（2）We couldn’t find it ;it was lost . 我们没能找到它；它丢了。
（3）Then she looked at the judges , one of them nodded and she began . 然后她望着裁判，其中一个点点头，接着她开始了。（三个分句）
并列句的结构
（1）陈述分句与陈述分句并列。如：
The woman belongs in the home , and the man must go out into the business world . 男主外，女主内。
（2）疑问分句与疑问分句并列。如：
Who are good listeners to you ,and what do they do well ?哪些人是你的善听者，他们什么做得好？
（3）祈使分句与祈使分句并列。如：
Pass judgement on me and give him what he wants . 对我宣判吧，给他想要的东西。
（4）感叹分句与感叹分句并列。如：
You’re alive ! And she’s dead ! 你还活着！而她却死了！
（5）不同种类分句的并列。如
并列句的连接方法
在并列句中，各个分句都是独立分句。把各个分句连接在一起有三种方法。
①用并列连词连接，并列连词有and , but , or , nor ，关联并列连词有not only…but also . 如
（1）Right now it is the summer vacation and I’m helping my Dad on the farm . 眼下正是暑假期间，我帮爸爸在农场干活。
（2）Right now they were going to Bonn with the tickets and passports , and their Dad was going on his own to Frankfort . 就在这时，他们正带着车票和护照去波恩，而他们的爸爸却自己往法兰克福去了。
（3）Many people were killed in their cars , but a few lucky ones were not hurt . 很多人被撞死在自己的汽车里，但也有少数幸运的人没有受伤。
并列连词or前可用也可不用逗号。如：
用关联并列连词not only … but also 连接分句时通常用倒装结构。如：
（6）Not only do disabled people read , write , draw pictures and cook , but they also study , go to university , take exams and have jobs . 残疾人不仅能读书、写字、绘画和烹调，而且还能学习、上大学、参加考试和工作。
②用连接副词连?或两个以上的分句构成，而且其他分句从属于一个主要分句的句子。如：
（1）People read advertisements partly for information and partly because they are interesting . 人们读广告，部分是为了获取信息，部分是因为它们有趣。
（2）Many of the forests where they lived were destroyed . 许多它们栖息的森林被破坏了。（关联词是where）
使用了关联词之后，分句的性质就发生%2述分句K都要遵守规矩；谁要是破坏了规矩，谁就要受到惩罚。
有时用冒号，表结果。如：
（9）In old stories , the squirrel was usually described as a good animal:it saved something for the future . 在古老的故事里，松鼠通常被描写成好动物，它储存东西供将来用。
三.复合句
（1）People read advertisements partly for information and partly because they are interesting . 人们读广告，部分是为了获取信息，部分是因为它们有趣。
（2）Many of the forests where they lived were destroyed . 许多它们栖息的森林被破坏了。（关联词是where）
使用了关联词之后，分句的性质就发生了变化。由关联词引导的分句已经不能单独构成句子，所以叫做非独立分句。没有关联词的分句仍旧可以单独构成句子，所以叫做独立分句。
复合句的结构
简单句是由一个独立分句构成，并列句由两个或两个以上的独立分句构成，复合句则由一个独立%o you think why the boy had a weak smile on his face）
从句的种类
①主语从句。如：
②表语从句。如
（2）The answer is that he is one of the top three physics experts in hisparticular field . 答案是在他的特殊领域里，他是三位顶尖的物理学家之一。
③宾语从句。如：
（3）Seientists explain that the outside of the earth is made of a numberof different plates . %B全句为陈述句；主句为疑问分句，全句为疑问句，等等。有一种复合句结构较特殊：主句为疑问分句，从句为带疑问词的疑问分句，这时疑问词要置于全句之首。如?br>（2）Why do you think the boy had a weak smile on his face ?你认为这个男孩为什么脸上露出淡淡一笑？（等于do you think why the boy had a weak smile on his face）
从句的种类
①主语从句。如：
②表语从句。如
（2）The answer is that he is one of the top three physics experts in hisparticular field . 答案是在他的特殊领域里，他是三位顶尖的物理学家之一。
③宾语从句。如：
（3）Seientists explain that the outside of the earth is made of a numberof different plates . 科学家解释说，地球的表层是由许多不同的板块构成的。
④同位语从句。如：
⑤定语从句。如：
（4）The kiwi which is New Zealand’s national bird , is one of these types of flightless birds . 驼是新西兰的国鸟，它就是这些不能飞行的鸟类之一。
⑥状语从句。如：
（5）Listen and be quiet while others are talking !在别人说话时要听着，不要做声！
复合句的关联词
引导从句的关联词可分为七类。
①从属连词，有although , because , if , since , that , until , when , so that , as if , as … as 等，详见连词部分。如：
（1）Although he had a disease of the brain which was getting worse , he decided to continue with his research and his writing . 尽管他患了一种日益严重的脑病，他决定继续他的研究和写作。
②疑问代词，有who , whom , whose , which , what . 如：
（2）Did he say what it was about ?他说是有关什么事了吗？
③疑问副词，有when , where , why , how .如：
（3）The difficulty was how he could prove his ideas to other scientists.困难在于他怎样才能够向其他科学家证实他的想法。
④关系代词，有who , whom , whose , which , that 。 如：
（4）This is useful for scientists who work in forests and in agriculture.这对于从事森林和农业工作的科学家有用处。
⑤关系副词，有when , where , why . 如：
（5）I remember the time when we needed a permit to go out after dark . 我记得我们天黑以后外出需要通行证的那个时代。
⑥缩合关系代词，有who , whoever , whom , whomever , which , whichever , what , whatever . 如：
⑦缩合关系副词，有when , where , why , how . 如：
（6）Special cameras can produce pictures showing where different metals can be found . 特殊的摄像机可以拍摄照片，表明在什么地方可以找到各种不同金属。
四.省略句
省略句的含义：一个分句或句子通常包含多种成分，主语和谓语是最基本的；如果谓语为及物动词，则宾语也是必须的。这种句子叫做完全句。另外有一些句子却缺少一种或几种成分，也就是说在结构上是不完整的，可是它们仍然能够为听话者所理解，也就是说，说话者和听话者对句子缺少的成分有共同的认识。这些句子符合句子的定义，“能表达一个比较完整的独立的概念。”这种句子就叫做省略句。如：
（1）Any other questions ?还有什么问题吗？（等于Do you have any other questions ）
省略句在对话中使用很普遍。简略答语即只回答提问的那部分，有助于语言的简洁。如：
（2）“What time is it by your watch , please ?”“A quarter to eight .”“请问你的表几点了？”“差一刻八点。”（等于It is a quarter to eight by my watch）
在包含两个分句的并列句和复合句中，后一分句中与前一分句中相同的部分可以省略，以减少不必要的重复。如：
（3）I want to improve , but I don’t know how ( to improve ).我想提高，但是不知道如何提高。（并列句）
省略句的种类
①省略主语，如：
（1）（I）Haven’t see you for ages . 好久没有见到你了。
（2）（It）Doesn’t matter . 没关系。
②省略谓语，如：
（3）They learn French and we (learn)English .他们学法语，我们学英语。
③省略表语，如：
（4）Broad boats are difficult to take into the port , but narrow boats are not (difficult to take into the port )。宽大的船只很难引进港口，而狭小的船只却不难。
④省略宾语，如
（5）Keep away ( this bottle ) from children . 谨防儿童接近。
⑤省略主语和助动词。如
（6）( Have you ) Found the treasure ? 找到财宝了吗？
（7）( Would you )Like some more tea ?再来些茶好吗？
⑥省略主语和连系动词，如：
（8）( I’m ) Sorry to hear that . 听到这件事很难过。
（9）( Are you ) Happy ?快活吗？
⑦省略主语和谓语，如：
（10）“What does he want to eat ?”“( He wants ) Some rice and vegetables . ”“他想吃什么？”“一些米饭和蔬菜。”
⑧省略实义动词和宾语，如：
（11）We do not visit my parents as much as we ought to ( visit my parents ). 我们没有像我们所应该的那样经常去看望父母。
⑨省略从句，如
（12）You would do the same ( if you were in my position ). 你也会那样做的（如果你处在我的地位）。
⑩省略整句，如：
（13）“Can I take a message ? ”“You can take a message . ”“我可以捎话吗？”“可以。”
另外，还有许多在口语中常用的套话，大多同名词短语构成，不管听话人还是说话人都难以确切指出它们究竟省略了什么词语。如Good morning （早上好），Good afternoon （下午好），Good evening（晚上好），Hello（喂），Yes（是呀），Yeah（是），All right（好），OK（可以），No（不），Not at all（你太客气了），Happy New Year（新年好），Happy Birthday（生日快乐），Happy Christmas（圣诞快乐），Never mind（没关系），（My）God（天哪），（Good）Heavens（上帝），Congratulations（恭喜），Fuck off（滚开）等。这些句子严格说来不属于省略句的范围，有的语法书称之为“非句子”。
还有一种句子，也只由一个或几个名词短语构成。它们的表现力很强，常用于文学作品中，如：
（14）Then silence . 然后一片寂静。
（15）Years of hard work , very little food , only a small cold room to live in and never a moment’s rest . 多年劳累，食不果腹，斗室寒舍，从无休息。