四级练习题

Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions, it is asking - still in private rather than in public - whether its past assumptions about faculty, authority, admissions, courses of study, are really relevant to the problems of the 1990’s.

『Should Harvard or any other university be an intellectual sanctuary, apart from the political and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with these political and social revolutions; or even an engine of the revolution? 』①This is what is being discussed privately in the big clapboard houses of faculty members around the Harvard Yard. The issue was defined by Waiter Lippmann, a distinguished Harvard graduate, several years ago. “If the universities are to do their work,” he said, “they must be independent and they must be disinterested„ They are places to which men can turn for judgements which are unbiased by partisanship and special interest. 『Obviously, the moment the universities fall under political control, or under the control of private interests, or the moment they themselves take a hand in politics and the leadership of government, their value as independent and disinterested sources of judgement is impaired.”』②

This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today. Another part is the argument of the militant and even many moderate students: that a university is the keeper of our ideals and morals, and should not be “disinterested” but activist in bringing the nation’s ideals and actions together.

Harvard’s men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning. 『They are not even clear about how they should debate and resolve their problems, but they are struggling with them privately, and how they come out is bound to influence American university and political life in the 1990’s.』③

1. The issues in the debate on Harvard’s goals are whether the universities should remain independent of our society and its problems, and whether they should . A. fight militarism B. overcome the widespread drug dependency C. take an active part in solving society’s ills D. support our old and established institutions

2. In regard to their goals and purposes in life, the author believes that Harvard men are becoming .

A. more sure about them B. less sure about them C. more hopeful of reaching a satisfactory answer D. completely disillusioned about ever

3. The word “paradox” in paragraph 1 is .

A. a parenthetical expression B. a difficult puzzle C. an abnormal condition D. a self-contradiction

4. The word “sanctuary”in paragraph 3 is.

A. a holy place dedicated to a certain god B. a temple or nunnery of middle age

C. a certain place you can hide in and avoid mishaps D. an academy for intelligent people

5. In the author’s judgement, the ferment going on at Harvard . A. is a sad symbol of our general bewilderment

B. will soon be over, because times are bound to change C. is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friends D. will influence future life in America

Vocabulary

1.paradox n. 似非而是的论点；似非而可能是的隽语；自相矛盾的话 2.sanctuary n. 避难所

3.clapboard n. 隔板，墙板，桶板

4.distinguished adj. 卓著的，著名的，高贵的 5.partisanship n. 党派性，党派偏见 6.disinterested adj. 无私的 7.impair v. 削弱，伤害

8.militant adj. 好战的，战斗性的 9.be bound to 一定要„„ 长难句解析

①【解析】此句由两个并列的句子组成，“apart from„”做第一个句子“sanctuary”的补语。 【译文】哈佛或其它一些大学应当是一个智力的避难所，远离当今的政治和社会变革；还应当是政治和社会变革的一块实验基地，或者甚至是革命的一部发动机呢？

②【解析】两个“the moment”引导的句子做此句的时间状语从句。

【译文】显然，当大学处于政治和私有企业的控制下，或者他们自己从事政治和政府的领导时，他们作为独立和公正判断的价值观将会收到伤害。

③【解析】这个长句由三个句子组成，“but”引导了一个转折句,“and”引导了一个并列句。be bound to“肯定会，必定”。

【译文】他们甚至不清楚应当怎样讨论和解决他们的问题，但是他们每个人正在奋斗，并且哈佛大学议论的结果必定影响20世纪90年代美国的大学和政治生活。 答案与详解

【短文大意】本文主要讲述哈佛大学正面临的一个重要的争论，即一所大学应当是什么样的，现在的大学是否是符合标准的，哈佛大学应当远离政治和社会，还是作为政治和社会的一块实验田。

1.C细节题。文章第三段实际上已经告诉我们本文要讨论的议题。选项C提到的观点是“大学应该保持独立”这一论点的对立面，属议题范围之内。

2.B细节题。根据文章末段，Harvard’s men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning. 可知正确选项为B。

3.D词汇题。从第四段我们可以猜出paradox是“自相矛盾”的意思。因此选项D正确。

4.C词汇题。意为：“Sanctuary”就是你可躲起来避过灾祸的地方。在中世纪一般是某些教堂或者修道院可以充当躲避任何政府惩罚的避难所，所以A、B两项也是与它词义有一点关联的，D关系最小。

5.D观点题。根据文章末尾，and how they come out is bound to influence American university and political life in the 1990’s. 作者认为在哈佛的争论的结果一定会影响美国的大学和政治生活。本题中的ferment意为“骚动，纷扰”，指的就是文章所说的争论。因此D符合作者的观点。

Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology that biology is destiny. According to this ideology, basic biological and psychological differences exist between the sexes. These differences require each sex to play a separate role in social life. Women are the weaker sexboth physically and emotionally. Thus, they are naturally suited much more so than men, to the performance of domestic duties. A woman’s place, under normal circumstances, is within the protective environment of the home. Nature has determined that women play care-taker roles, such as wife and mother and homemaker. On the other hand men are best suited to go out into the competitive world of work and politics, where serious responsibilities must be taken on. Men are to be the providers; women and children are “dependents”. The ideology also holds that women who wish to work outside the household should naturally fill these jobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their sex. It is thus appropriate for women, not men, to be employed as nurses, social workers, elementary school teachers, household helpers, and clerks and secretaries. These positions are simply an extension of women’s domestic role. 『Informal distinctions between “women’s work” and “men’s work” in the labor force, according to the ideology, are simply a functional reflection of the basic differences between the sexes.』①

Finally, the ideology suggests that nature has worked her will in another significant way. For the human species to survive over time, its members must regularly reproduce. Thus, women must, whether at home or in the labor force, make the most of their physical appearance. So goes the ideology. It is, of course, not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex-defined roles in social life. There is ample evidence that sex roles vary from society to society, and those role differences that do exist are largely learned.

『But to the degree people actually believe that biology is destiny and that nature intended for men and women to make different contributions to society, sex-defined roles will be seen as totally acceptable.』②

1. Women’s place, some people think, is the protective environment of the home because .

A. women can provide better care for the children

B. women are too weak to do any agricultural work at all C. women are biologically suited to domestic jobs D. women can not compete with men in any field

2. According to the author, sex roles . A. are socially determined

B. are emotionally and physically determined

C. can only be determined by what education people take D. are biologically and psychologically determined

3. The author points out that the assignments of women’s roles in work . A. are determined by what they are better suited to B. grow out of their position inside the home C. reflect a basic difference between men and women D. are suitable to them, but not to men

4. The author will probably agree with .

A. certain sociologists ’prediction that woman are picking up more responsibility in the decades to come B. historian’s general denial of women’s contribution towards human thoughts

C. Nietzsche’s contemplation about difference between sexes D. entrepreneurs favoring particular sex when hiring employee

5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. The division of sex-defined roles is completely unacceptable. B. Women’s roles in work is too limited at present.

C. In one society, men might perform what is considered women’s duties by another.

D. Some of the women’s roles in domestic duties can not be taken over by men.

Vocabulary

1.ideology n. 意识形态，思维方式 2.destiny n. 命运，定数

3.domestic adj. 家庭的，国内的 4.homemaker n. 家庭主妇 5.competitive adj. 竞争的，竞争性的 6.elementary school 小学 7.informal adj. 非正式的，不拘礼节的 8.reflection n. 反映，反省，反射 9.ample adj. 充足的，丰富的 长难句解析

①【解析】according to the ideology做(禁止)语。

【译文】在劳动上男性工作和女性工作之间的非正式的区别，根据意识形态来说，只是性别之间基本差异的一个功能反映。

②【解析】两个“that”引导的句子同时作“believe”的宾语。

【译文】但是人们相信性别之间生理上的不同是个定数，大自然想要男人和女人分别对社会做出不同的贡献，那么性别角色也就是完全可以接受的了。

答案与详解

【短文大意】本文主要一方面讲述女人由于在生理上和心理上要比男人脆弱，因此她们适合于做一些具有保护性的工作，另一方面又讲述在社会生活中两性扮演不同的角色最根本的原因并不在他们生理和心理的差别上，而是由人的社会性决定的。

1.C细节题。根据文章第一段Women are the weaker sex - both physically and emotionally. Thus, they are naturally suited much more so than men, to the performance of domestic duties. A woman’s place, under normal circumstances, is within the protective environment of the home. 由于妇女在生理上和心理上都较男性弱，因此她们最适合做家务事，这样在通常情况下，家庭这个具有保护性的环境就成了妇女的活动空间。因此选项C正确。

2.A细节题。根据文章第三段It is, of course, not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex-defined roles in social life. There is ample evidence that sex roles vary from society to society, and those role differences that do exist are largely learned. 当然不是两性间最基本的生理和心理差别要求各自在社会生活中扮演不同的角色，而有充足的证据表明性别角色在每个社会都是不同的，性别角色的不同很大程度上是后天习得的。由此我们可以看出性别角色是由人的社会性决定的，因此A正确。

3.B细节题。文章第二段中说It is thus appropriate for women, not men, to be employed as nurses, social workers, elementary school teachers, household helpers, and clerks and secretaries. These positions are simply an extension of women’s domestic role. 妇女受雇做hushi、社会工作者、小学教师和秘书等工作，而这些工作不过是妇女家庭角色的延伸。选项B说的也正是这个意思。

4.A推断题。从全文来看，作者可能会同意一些社会学家预测妇女将在未来社会承担重要责任的看法。B项在文中未提到，C项尼采的观点更是这个问题上的众矢之的；D项没有指明具体优先考虑哪个性别，也不合适。

5.A推断题。文章最后作者说，人们相信nature intended for men and women to make different contributions to society, sex-defined roles will be seen as totally acceptable 既然造物主要求男人和女人分别对社会做出不同的贡献，那么性别角色也就是完全可以接受的了。因此选项A.“按性别确定的角色的划分是完全不能接受的”符合题意，为正确选项。选项B、C、D的内容都在文章中出现过或暗示过，符合文章的意思，对本题来说不构成正确选项。

More and more, the operations of our business, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught

at it have managed to get away without punishment.

『It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing, but even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.』①

Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.

For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. 『In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being

robbed.』 ② Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.

Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out their computer had been misused. 『They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company’s executives, accountants, and security staff.』③ And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.

1.It can be concluded from the passage that .

A. it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today

B. computer crimes are the one of most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions

C. computer criminals can escape punishment because they can’t be detected D. people commit computer crimes at the request of their company

2.It is implied in the third paragraph that .

A. many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered B. the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem C. most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes D. most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck

3.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?

A. A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.

B. Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information.

C. Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation. D. Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes.

4. The underlying reason for the computer criminals to get recommendations he needs is that .

A. they have skills formidably difficult for others to master B. the employers are afraid that they would take avenge if punished C. the employers are much afraid of bringing the public into disbelief towards them through the criminals words in open court D. those who commit crimes do not mean bad

5.What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught? A. With bad reputation they can hardly find another job. B. They will be denied access to confidential records. C. They may walk away and easily find another job. D. They must leave the country or go to jail.

Vocabulary

1.reap n. 收获 2.get away 逃脱 3.glowing adj. 热情洋溢的 4.recommendation n. 推荐信

5.statistics n. 统计数字 6.disturbing adj. 令人忧虑的 7.keypunch v. 打孔 8.tip off 泄露 9.transaction n. 交易 10.juggle v. 玩戏法，篡改

11.confidential adj. 绝密的 12.depart v. 离开

长难句解析

①【解析】这个长句是由“but”连接的两个句子组成，第一个句子“if”引导条件状语从句，第二个句子中的“even if”引导递进关系的条件状语从句。

【译文】如果人们不去检查计算机正在做什么，那么计算机犯罪是很难被发现的，但是即使犯罪被发现，这种犯罪者也可能逃脱惩罚甚至会受到以前雇主的高度褒扬和推荐。 ②【解析】“that”引导宾语从句，和“company”一起构成“tipped off”的双宾语。“tip off”，“提示，警告”。【译文】另一种情形，实施计算机犯罪的不满意的雇工警告雇主他们的公司将被抢劫。

③ 【解析】“of”后的句子都做“thought”的定语。

【译文】他们想到，计算机犯罪者可能会在法庭鼓吹他们是如何在公司行政人员、会计、以及安全保卫人员的鼻子底下篡改公司机密记录的。鉴于这种想法，他们(公司高层)犹豫了。

答案与详解

【短文大意】本文主要讲述计算机犯罪很难被发现，即使一旦被发现，也不会像其它犯罪一

样，被流放或进监狱，反而常常是得到原雇主的褒扬和推荐，从而找到另外一份好工作。

1.B推断题。首先根据第二段可知，A是错误的，因为计算机犯罪不是不能发现的。C“用计算机犯罪的罪犯可以逃脱惩罚，因为他们不会被发现”，D“利用计算机犯罪的人是应他们公司的要求这样做的”都是错误的，文中没有提到。只有B，“计算机犯罪是金融机构里最严重的问题”是在文中第一段中暗示了的。因此选B。

2.A推断题。文章的第三段指出，“究竟有多少计算机犯罪，我们没有确切的统计数字，令人不安的是很多计算机犯罪是偶然中被发现的，而不是系统的检查或者通过其他安全防范措施而发现的。”这说明A是正确的：没有被发现的计算机犯罪比被发现的计算机犯罪要多得多。

3.D细节题。A是“应该建立一套严格的反计算机犯罪的法律”，B“公司应该对绝密的材料进行严格的控制”，C“公司为了维护其声誉，应该对计算机犯罪严加防范”，文中都没有提到。只有D在文中最后两段中有所表述。公司出于对自己声誉的考虑，往往对计算机犯罪含糊其辞，遮遮掩掩。

4.C细节题。雇主对计算机犯罪者的宽容可能有各种原因。A、B、C、D所说的情形，在现实中都可以出现，但文中提到的只有C项，参见末段。

5.C细节题。答案在文中的倒数第二段中：计算机犯罪分子和其他犯罪分子不同的是，他们不仅不会流亡国外，或者自杀或者进监狱，而且还往往得到原雇主的褒扬和推荐，从而找到另外一份好工作

Desegregation of higher education has produced significant improvements in education for all Americans. 『Theopening up of segregated colleges and universities to students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds came aboutonly as the result of many forms of prolonged struggle in the courts, in the streets, and on campuses.』①

The efforts to open up higher educational opportunities for blacks in historically white institutions also ledto expanded opportunities for lower- and middle-class white students, especially at institutions that adopted“open admissions” policies of accepting all high school graduates. Between 1960 and 1981, while the number ofblack students between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four enrolled in college increased from 134,000 to over750,000, the number of white students in the same age group grew from just over 2 million to over 6.5 million. In 1960 more than one-half of blacks attending colleges were enrolled at historically black institutions. By1981 that percentage had declined to just 18 per cent. Most of the blacks enrolled in traditionally whiteinstitutions, however, were at two-year community colleges or at four-year public colleges that were becomingor had already become predominantly black.

『Desegregation of higher education produced difficult problems for historically black institutions that hadalways struggled under great hardship to provide higher

education for blacks when blacks had been barred fromwhite institutions. 』②Historically black institutions, however, have continued to produce a high percentageof the most educationally and professionally successful blacks in the United States. Meanwhile, blacks inpredominantly white institutions have achieved notable progress, but they have also encountered variousproblems.

College completion rates for young blacks have increased substantially, but they are only about one-half therate for young whites. In 1981, for example, 11.5 percent of blacks aged twenty-five to twenty-nine and 21.3percent of whites in that age group had completed college.

Blacks continue to be substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools in the United States.During the early 1980s blacks comprised about 6 percent of students in graduate school and medical school andabout 4 percent of all law school students. Blacks also received about 4 percent of all doctoral degrees, butover half of these degrees were conferred in one discipline—education. In general, since the cry of “reversediscrimination” was raised during the middle of the 1970s, black progress in higher education has been slowedand perhaps even reversed.

1.What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Desegregation of higher education produced many difficulties for historically black institutions.

B. The opening up of higher educational opportunities for blacks led to expanded opportunities for whitestudents too.

C. Blacks have been historically repressed in graduate and professional schools in the United States.

D. Desegregation of higher education has brought more higher educational opportunities for black and whitestudents alike.

2.What can be inferred about the opening up of segregated colleges and universities? A. It came about as the result of a surge in the number of students enrolled in higher institutions.

B. It came about as the result of time-long resistance against racial discrimination against blacks.

C. It came about when the cry of “reverse discrimination” was raised. D. It came about when efforts to expand educational opportunities for lower- and middle-class black people wereintensified.

3.Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of the opening up of segregated colleges anduniversities?

A. Black students were substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional

schools in the UnitedStates.

B. It brought a significant increase in the number of white students. C. It created thorny problems for historically black institutions.

D. The number of black students between eighteen to twenty-four years old enrolled in college greatlyincreased.

4. After the desegregation of higher education black students are still unlikely to .

A. get enrolled in traditionally white colleges B. get enrolled in traditionally black institutions C. complete college

D. get a Doctor’s Degree in science

5.Which of the following is true about historically black institutions? A. The students in historically black institutions are no longer predominantly black after the opening up ofsegregated institutions.

B. They created many problems for their students.

C. They achieved notable progress even though they were under great hardship. D. The number of historically black institutions dropped in the 1960s and 1970s.

Vocabulary

1.desegregation n. 对种族隔离的取消 2.prolonged adj. 长时间的 3.predominantly adv. 主要地 4.bar v. 阻挡，禁止 5.encounter v. 遇到 6.substantially adv. 在相当程度上，很大地

7.underrepresented adj. 被忽视的 8.confer v. 授予，给予 9.reverse adj. 反方向的 10.discrimination n. 歧视 11.reverse v. 调转，转向 长难句解析

①【解析】此句的关键在于理清“to students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds”是用来修饰限定“The opening up”的。 【译文】实行种族隔离的院校对不同种族和信仰背景的学生的接纳，是受到歧视的有色人种在法庭上，街道上和校园内展开的各种形式的长期斗争的结果。

②【解析】此句中“that”引导定语从句，修饰“historically black institutions”，“when” 作定语从句中的时间状语从句。

【译文】但是高等教育种族制度的废除，却给传统的黑人院校制造了新的麻烦，这些院校历史上曾在困境中为给被白人院校阻止在外的黑人提供更好的教育机会而奋斗不止。

答案与详解

【短文大意】

本文主要介绍了美国高等院校中的一项改革——种族隔离制度的废除，这项改革给黑人和白人学生都带来了更多的受教育的机会。

1.D主旨题。文章主题思想是在美国的高等院校中的一项改革——种族隔离的废除，这项改革给黑人和白人学生都带来了更多的受教育的机会。A、B、C都是文中提到的内容，但不是中心的内容。

2.B细节题。文章的第一段指出，原先实行种族隔离的高等院校对各个种族学生的开放是受到歧视的有色人种经过在法庭、街道和校园里长期斗争之后的结果。并不是因为入学人数的增加。

3.A推断题。在这样的题型中，有可能A、B、C、D四个选项都是对的，但是有一个不符合因果的联系。在本题中，A是应选的。因为虽然黑人学生在美国的研究生院和特种职业培训的高等院校中受到明显的歧视是个事实，但是它并不是开放高等院校的结果。 4.D细节题。文中曾指明黑人取得博士学位的比率极低，而且大部分是教育学博士。 5.A细节题。在高等院校全部开放以后，传统的黑人院校不再以黑人学生为主。C是错误的。因为尽管传统的黑人院校曾经在历史上培养了不少优秀人才，但是在开放政策实行以后，它们也面临着很多困难，所以谈不上取得了很大的进展。

Indonesia has defended its bloody crackdown on protesters seeking higher compensation for land on Bintan Island, where Singaporeans hold the lion’s share of investments, reports said yesterday. “I am very sad by the turn of events,” the head of the Bintan District Assembly, Mr Huzrin Hood, was quoted as saying in Singapore’s Straits Times daily. “But if nothing was done, there will be problems for Bintan in the long run.”

Bintan, about 50 kilometers east of Singapore, is a popular weekend resort for Singaporeans, who also hold the majority of the $S1.35 billion ($1.23 billion) in investments there. In a pre-dawn operation on Sunday, Indonesian troops moved in to quell nearly a week of protests outside the Bintan Beach International Resort by about 200 disgruntled villagers. At least 13 people were injured, four of them seriously, and more than 70 people arrested in the 45-minute operation, according to the Straits Times. Three of the injured were said to have gunshot wounds in the chest and stomach. The report said the arrested were blindfolded and tied up before being put into a speedboat and brought to a police station in Tanjung Pinang, south of Bintan island. Eight of 12 student leaders fighting for the villagers’ rights were also held in the operation.

The villagers had set up a blockade and camped at a road leading to the Bintan Beach International Resort, demanding additional compensation for the land they sold for the resort and an industrial estate managed by a unit of Singapore conglomerate SembCorp Industries Ltd. Armed with knives and spears, they had last week seized a power plant of the Bintan Industrial Estate, severing electricity and water supply to the 27 factories there. They left the plant after being given assurances their demands would be looked into.

Indonesia’s President Abdurrahman Wahid had cancelled at the last minute a planned meeting yesterday with representatives of the protesters, who declined to relent. Singapore’s Prime Minister, Mr. Goh Chok Tong, also expressed regret over the

protests and appealed to Indonesia to protect foreign investors in Bintan. 『Mr. Hood said the Indonesian Government had no choice but to act, because the villagers kept on rejecting its proposals for an end to the blockade.』① He would go to Jakarta this week to meet senior central Government officials to help resolve the problems faced by the villagers, he said. “There are many of them still out there, and if they are still unhappy they can cause problems for Bintan in the future.”

1.What is the topic of this passage, according to the passage? A. Indonesia villagers attacked the Bintan District Assembly.

B. Indonesia government defended it’s protesters who sought higher compensation for land on Bintan island from Singapore.

C. Indonesia defended its bloody crackdown on protesters seeking higher compensation for land on Bintan Island. D. Indonesia government defends its villagers cracked down by Singapore.

2.Bintan is .

A. a popular weekend resort for Singaporeans B. an island where Singaporean hold the majority of the $1.23 billion investment C. a place where Indonesia cracked down protesters seeking more compensation D. all of the above

3.Which of the following is Not true about the crackdown in Bintan? A. Indonesian troops quelled the protesters outside the Bintan Beach international Resort by about 200 villagers.

B. At least 13 people were injured, but no death so far.

C. Eight of 12 student leaders fighting for the villagers’ rights were also injured in the operation. D. The villagers demand additional compensation for the land they sold for the resort and an industrial estate managed by a unit of Singapore conglomerate SembCorp Industrials Ltd.

4. Which of the following is the most probable result? A. The villagers’ request was finally fulfilled.

B. The Singaporeans were driven out and everything was settled.

C. The villagers was given a little more money and warned not to make any more disturbance, they have no choice but to submit. D. More protest broke out and evolved into a revolution.

5.From the last part of the passage we know . A. the representatives declined to relent after the meeting with President Wahid B. Singapore’s Prime Minister expressed regret over the protesters and appealed to Indonesia to protect foreign investors in the country

C. head of the Bintan District Assemble will meet senior central Singapore government officials to deal with the problems faced by the villagers D. many protesters are still keeping on their act in Bintan

Vocabulary

1.disgruntled adj. 不满的;不高兴的

2.blindfold n. 眼罩;障眼物 vt. 遮眼;蒙骗 adj. 看不清的;盲目的 3.blockade n. 阻塞 vt. 封锁 4.relent vi.发慈悲，动怜悯的

长难句解析

①【解析】“have no choice but to do„”意为“没有别的选择，只能„„”。 【译文】 Hood先生说印度尼西亚政府别无选择只能采取行动，因为村民仍然拒绝结束封锁。

答案与详解

【短文大意】本文是一篇新闻稿，报道的是发生在印度尼西亚的一个冲突事件。印尼的Bintan岛是与新加坡东部毗邻的一个岛，有很多来自新加坡的投资商，也是新加坡人周末度假的胜地。当地居民为获得更高的土地补偿，在向政府抗议时发生流血冲突。该事件如果不得到妥善解决，很可能会引起社会的不稳定。

1.C主旨题。印尼的Bintan岛居民要求获得对其卖出土地的更多赔偿，官方派部队镇压抗议群众，造成流血事件。第二、四项说新加坡政府的镇压和要求新加坡政府赔偿都是错误的，第一项当地居民袭击地区议会也是不正确的。

2.D细节题。对于Bintan岛的叙述，几项均正确。这是新加坡东部毗邻的一个岛，是新加坡人周末度假的胜地，但最近发生流血事件，居民抗议活动遭到镇压。见原文。 3.C细节题。文中提及12名学生领袖中的8名被捕，是否受伤并未提及，故选此项。第一、二项符合文意，第四项不属于冲突事件的结果，所以排除选择的可能性。

4.C推断题。从这段文章中可以看出，政府关心的并不是岛上居民的利益，而是保证国外投资和岛的长期发展?因此A、B是不可能出现的，而从岛上居民从前那些反抗的结局来看，D项基本上也是不现实的，最可能的就是他们得到了一点点钱，放弃了更多的努力。 5.D推断题。从文中最后一句也可以判断仍有村民继续抗议，其他几项均有错。第一项瓦希德总统在最后一分钟取消了预计的会议，因为抗议者声势已减弱了。第二项是保护该岛的新加坡投资商而不是全国范围。第三项应是与印尼政府高级官员商谈，非新加坡政府官员。 Among the more colorful characters of Leadville’s golden age were H.A.W.Tabor and his second wife,Elizabeth McCourt,better known as “Baby Doe”.Their history is fast becoming one of the legends of the Old West.Horace Austin Warner Tabor was a school teacher in Vermont.With his first wife and two children he left Vermont by covered wagon in 1855 to homes tead in Kansas.Perhaps he did not find farming to his liking,or perhaps he was lured by rumors of fortunes to be made in Colorado mines.At any rate,a few years later he moved west to the small Colorado mining camp known as California Gulch,which he later renamed Leadville when he became its leading citizen. “Great deposits of lead are sure to be found here.”he said. As it turned out,it was silver,not lead,that was to make Leadville’s fortune and wealth. Tabor knew little about mining himself,so he opened a general store,which sold everything from boots to salt,flour,and tobacco.『It was his custom to “grubstake” prospective miners,in other words,to supply them with food and

supplies,or “grub”, while they looked for ore,in return for which he would get a share in the mine if one was discovered.』①He did this for a number of years,but no one that he aided ever found anything of value.

Finally one day in the year 1878,so the story goes,two miners came in and asked for “grub”. Tabor had decided to quit supplying it because he had lost too much money that way.These were persistent, however,and Tabor was too busy to argue with them. “Oh help yourself.One more time won’t make any difference,” He said and went on selling shoes and hats to other customers.the two miners took $17 worth of supplies,in return for which they gave Tabor a one-third interest in their findings.They picked a barren place on the mountainside and began to dig.After nine days they struck a rich vein of silver.Tabor bought the shares of the other two men,and so the mine belonged to him alone.This mine,known as the “Pittsburgh Mine,” made 1 300 000 for Tabor in return for his $17 investment.

Later Tabor bought the Matchless Mine on another barren hillside just outside the town for $117 000.This turned out to be even morefabulous than the

Pittsburgh,yielding $35 000 worth of silver per day at one time.Leadville grew.Tabor became its first mayor,and later became lieutenant governor of the state.

1.Leadville got its name for the following reasons EXCEPT. A.because Tabor became its leading citizen

B.because great deposits of lead is expected to be found there C.because it could bring good fortune to Tabor D.because it was renamed

2.The word “grubstake” in paragraph 2 means. A.to supply miners with food and supplies B.to open a general store

C.to do one’s contribution to the development of the mine

D.to supply miners with food and supplies and in return get a share in the mine,if one was discovered

3.Tabor made his first fortune.

A.by supplying two prospective miners and getting in return a one-third interest in the findings

B.because he was persuaded by the two miners to quit supplying C.by buying the shares of the other D.as a land speculator

4. The underlying reason for Tabor’s life career is. A. purely accidental

B. based on the analysis of miner’s being very poor and their possibility of discovering profitable mining site

C. through the help from his second wife

D. he planned well and accomplished targets step by step

5.If this passage is the first part of an article,who might be introduced in the following part?

A.Tabor’s life.

B.Tabor’s second wife,Elizabeth McCourt. C.Other colorful characters. D.Tabor’s other careers.

Vocabulary

1.barren adj. 贫瘠的

2.fabulous adj. 神话般的，难以置信的 3.lure vt.诱惑，引诱 4.deposit n.沉淀，储蓄 5.grubstake v.下注

长难句解析

①【解析】“It”是形式主语，真正的主语是“to”后面的句子，“while”引导时间状语从句。 【译文】他的通常做法是对来采矿的人“下注”，说得更明确一点就是泰勃供给这些人食品、用品等物品，作为回报，当他们 采到矿后就会分给他一部分股份。

答案与详解

【短文大意】本文主要讲述霍塞斯·奥斯汀·沃纳·泰勃发家的故事。

1. C细节题。因为Leadville可以为Tabor带来巨富。这一点不是Leadville得名的原因，因为在文章第二段中，讲到这一点时，提及三个原因：A.因为Tabor成为当地的居民代表人物，B.因为在Leadville有丰富的铅的储藏量。D.因为Leadville是因为Tabor重要而起的名，唯独C没有，因为到后来发现是银矿才给他带来巨富。

2. D词汇题。第二段中grubstake的词义与D所述内容是相同的，即“供给探矿者资金，衣物，食品以及其他物品”。(可参阅英华大辞典修订第二版64页)但此处还补充地讲，作为回报，供给者可以获得矿中资源一定份额。(见文章第二段第4行)

3. A细节题。Tabor第一次真正发财是他为两名矿工提供资助，为此他获得他们矿资源三分之一的股份。见文章第三段4-9行内容：两名开矿者从Tabor那儿借走价值17美元的物品，作为回报，Tabor获得他们矿资源三分之一股份。于是两位开矿者在一座山旁的不毛之地开始挖掘，九天之后，发现了银的富矿，于是Tabor又将两人的股份全买下，这样，银矿属于Tabor一个人所有，这个矿就是后来著名的“匹兹堡”矿。Tabor用17美元的投资换来了130万美元的收获。

4. B推断题。由原文可知泰勃的财产来源是有一定偶然性的，但是毕竟也是基于他开创的“grubstake”模式，因为A、D都不对，C更是没有根据，因为他还没有娶第二位夫人这一切就发生了。分析泰勃的做法，会得出B选项所示的结论。

5. B推断题。如果本文是一篇文章的第一部分，那么在文章的第二部分将介绍谁呢?key可以从文章第一句分析出来，在Leadville的黄金年代，其多彩的特点当中，Tabor及其第二任妻子Elizabeth McCourt是值得大书特书的，接着，文章都在讲述有关H.A.W.Tabor发家致富的历史，如先买下匹兹堡矿，后又买下Matchless矿，最后成为市长，代理州长，等等，所以涉及到的全是男主人公，因此下边再讲的话，应成为女主人公即Elizabeth McCourt的天地了，她是Tabor的第二任妻子。这是顺理成章的事。

While the cities of China have undergone modernization evident in the rising towers and bright lights that have awakened the sleeping country, the countryside remains largely the same.

『Rectangular rows of rice fields litter the landscape separated by long lanes of water designed to provide the constant supply of water that is vital to producing the crop.』① The experience is not unlike driving through the American Midwest, only rice not corn dominates the landscape.

Four years ago, when I last took this trip, the roads were dust and telephone wires did not run parallel to the highway. Bare roads have been replaced by sleek, newly paved highways running from Shanghai to Nanking, to my smaller, home city, Wuhu. Unlike the changes I had heard of and expected in Shanghai, Wuhu was much more of a surprise. The small city where I was born had grown up as I have. There are large high-rise buildings, each ringed with smaller buildings around it, many of these apartment complexes. Little seemed familiar and I wonder what my grandparent’s flat built of brick and mortar had become.

『Perhaps I shouldn’t have been surprised to find out that their home had been demolished and rebuilt as a six story apartment complex as well. 』②Walking up to the second floor I saw my grandfather’s face peering out of the screen door. He began to smile as he saw me, and so did I. Their home is now no different from a western apartment. Equipped with the modern amenities of a gas stove, a toilet, a showerthis was indeed different from four years ago.

1. According to the author, dramatic changes took place in.

A. cities but not countryside of China B. both cities and countryside of China

C. countryside but not in large cities D. everywhere

2. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that . A. peasants lead similar life all over the world

B. Chinese irrigating system is more impressing than that in America C. peasants in Midwest America raise more corns while Chinese peasants raise more rice

D. peasants in Midwest America raise more rice while Chinese peasants raise more corn

3. The author was traveling to Wuhu.

A. in order to take a stop during the trip from Shanghai to Nanking B. in order to find some place similar to his hometown C. in order to visit his grand parents

D. in order to find out changes in small cities

4. The author’s grand parents.

A. live in their house of brick and mortar B. live in an apartment similar to westerners C. led a totally westernized life D. was poor as they always were

5. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. Flash back to China B. From Shanghai to Nanking C. Wuhu Today D. Back With My Grand Parents

Vocabulary

1. mortar n. 灰泥 2. amenity n. 便利设施 3. rectangular adj.长方形的 4. litter n.乱七八糟的东西 5. lane n.小路 6. demolish vt.拆除

长难句解析

①【解析】句子的主干是“„landscape separated by„”，“that”引导的定语从句，修饰“water”。

【译文】长方形的稻田杂乱地分布在田野上，田野被一些长长的水槽所隔开，这些水槽是为了提供这些作物生长所必需的水。

②【解析】“as well”作“也，又”讲，一般放在句末，而“as well as”作“也，又”讲放在句中。

【译文】也许，对于他们家已被拆除，重新盖起了六层的公寓，我不应该感到惊奇。

答案与详解

【短文大意】本文主要讲述作者回家乡所看到的家乡的巨大变化。

1. A细节题。这道题很简单, 就是考察对第一段那个长句的理解。作者说虽然大城市有巨大的变化, 但是农村还是老样子。

2. C推断题。美国中西部的农民种植玉米较多而中国农民种植大米较多。根据第二段最后一句: 眼前的景象很容易让人想起美国的中西部地区, 只不过那里到处是玉米, 这儿到处是大米。

3. C推断题。芜湖是作者的家乡， 他回去是要看望自己的祖父母。

4. B细节题。作者的祖父母住在一个类似于西方人的房子里面。

5. A主旨题。芜湖，祖父母，旅途都只是文章涉及的一个方面,做标题最适合的还是A选项