句子结构

第一讲 句子结构

英语句子有两种分类标准。一种是按照句子的使用目的分类，可分为陈述句、疑

问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句）、祈使句和感叹句；另一种是按照句子结构分类，可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

1．主语 + 不及物动词 +（状语）

Li Hua works very hard. 李华工作很勤奋。

My uncle is returning from France. 我叔叔将从法国回来。

She failed in the English exam. 她英语考试没有通过。

2．主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语

She missed a lot of lessons. 她耽误了很多课程。

I will buy Olympic English. 我将买本《奥林匹克英语》。

3．主语 + 连系动词 + 表语

All of us feel grateful to him. 我们大家都很感激他。

The second largest building is the students’ apartments. 第二大建筑是学生公

寓楼。

Zhang Ying is a student of Class 1 Grade 9.张英是九年级一班的学生。

Mr. Green is from Australia. 格林先生是澳大利亚人。

英语中常见的连系动词有：

(1)表示“是”的：be(是）

(2)表示“变成”的： become, get, turn, go, grow, come, fall,etc.

(3)表示“保持”的：keep, stay, remain,etc.

(4)表示“......起来”（由“五官感觉动词”演变而来）的：

look,sound,smell,taste, feel,ect.

4．主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语

“宾语补足语”就是对“宾语”进行“补充、说明”的成分。“宾语+宾语补足语”又称为“复合宾语”。

He often makes his parents. (错句。句子结构不完整，句意不清楚。） He often makes his parents angry.(正确的句子。句子结构完整，句意清楚。）

We elected him our monitor. 我们选他做班长。

She always keeps her room clean and tidy. 她总是使房间保持干净整洁。

I would like you to go there this afternoon. 我愿意让你今天下午去那儿.

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. 对不起让你久等了。

When did you last have your hair cut? 你上一次理发是什么时候？

5．主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语

英语中，有些及物动词可以接两个宾语，即（指人的）“间接宾语”和（指物的）“直接宾语”，这两个宾语称为“双宾语”。直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果，而间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或是为谁做的。双宾语句型结构常有下面两种：

（1）主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

（2）主语+及物动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语

He gave me a book/a book to me．他给我一本书。

He offered me his seat/his seat to me．他把座位让给我。

Mother cooks us meals / meals for us every day. 母亲天天为我们做饭。

Father bought me a book/a book for me. 父亲给我买了一本书。

He’s warned me of the danger. 他警告我注意危险。

2、并列句

并列句就是两个或以上的简单句，由表示并列关系的连词或标点符号连接而成。常见的连词：and, not only...but also, neither...nor... or, either...or... otherwise, but, yet, while, so, for等。

I hate grammar, / while he loves it. （以while为界，可分为前后两个小句子）

3、 主从复合句

主从复合句即是复杂句，它也是由两个以上的句子构成。

名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句， 同位语从句

形容词性从句（定语从句）：性，非性

副词性从句（状语从句）：时间，地点，原因，条件，目的，让步，方式，结果

The sad thing is that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone.表语）What the ugly man chooses is living alone.（主语）\\We all know that the ugly man chooses living alone.（宾语）

The thing that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone was known to everyone. （同位语）

The ugly man who has a lot of money chooses living alone.（定语）

Although the ugly man has a lot of money, he chooses living alone.（状语）

Harvard is among the first American universities to accept Chinese students.

These traditions have exerted a profound impact on the values and way of life of the Chinese people, and on China’s road of development today.

In 1847, Chinese student Rong Hong and others came to the United States as the first group of Chinese students to study here.

My visit to IBM, AT&T and the Bell laboratory yesterday gave me some first-hand knowledge of the latest successes in modern science and technology.

Today, the Chinese people who are struggling to achieve modernization have made the opening-up a basic state policy.

基本句型（一）主语+ 不及物动词 ( S + V )

1. He got up very late yesterday morning. 2. That evening we talked a great deal.

3. The meeting will last two hours.

4. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.

5. This box weighs five kilos. 6. I lived in Beijing five years ago.

7. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.

基本句型（二）主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 ( S + V +O )

1.I wrote a letter last night. 2.My father can speak English fluently.

3.Do you mind my opening the window.

4.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.

5.He pointed out the mistakes in my composition.

6.We must send for a doctor. 7.You can depend on him in your work.

8.After writing a composition, we must go over it.

基本句型（三）主语 + 系动词 + 表语 ( S + V + C )

1 My brothers are all college students.

2 This book is about the history of the United States.

3 Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.

4 He is out of work. 5. The leaves have turned yellow.

6 The report sounds interesting. 7. Mrs. Brown looks very healthy

8 At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.

9. Children , keep quiet please.

基本句型（四）主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 ( S + V + IO + DO )

1. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.

2. Would you please pass me the dictionary.

3. My father has bought me a new bike.

4. Shall I call you a taxi?

5. This term I have written three letters to my parents.

6. He showed the ticket to the conductor.

基本句型（五）5. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 ( S + V + O + C )

1. All of us consider him honest. 2. The have set the thief free.

3. He asked us to join in the game. 4. I want you to tell me the truth.

5. Every morning we hear him read English aloud.

6. The terrible sound made the children frightened.

7. He has his hair cut once a month.

8. We will make our school more beautiful.