英语逻辑连接词

at this time（这时候、此时）; first; second; at last; next; previously（以前）;

simultaneously[saiməl'teiniəsli]（同时）;eventually（最后）;last but not least（最后但并不是最不重要的）; to begin with（首先、本来）; to start with =for a start（首先）; first of all（首先，第一） ;to end with（最后）; finally（最后）; since then(从那时以来); afterwards(然后、后来); following this：

following This Trend顺应这种趋势；By Following This Strategy通过采用这种策略；只要遵循这项策略 following This Pattern下面这个模式；Following This Opinion由此来看 following This Way沿着这条思路；Following This Thought循此思路

following This Commitment根据这一承诺；Following This Example下面这位比如; preceding this（在这之前）. 2) 因果关系：

because; because of this; being that(既然、因为、由于); another important factor／reason of... ; since（既然、因为、由于、自…以来）; as（因为、依照、当…时、随着、虽然）; for; in that... (既然、因为、由于); owing to（由于，因为…）; due to; for the reason that...; in view of（鉴于、考虑到）; the reason seems to be obvious; for this reason; as a result of this; therefore; ...and so（因此、所以）...; consequently（所以、因此、结果）; as a result; thus; hence; so; so that...; in consequence（因此、结果）; as a consequence（因此、结果）; accordingly（因此、于是）; inevitably（不可避免地、必然地）; under these conditions(在这种情形下、在此情况时、在这些情况下); thereupon [,ðεərə'pɔn ]于是; seeing... （因为；鉴于；由于）; 3) 转折关系：

but; even so（虽然如此，即使如此）; however; though（可是、虽然、然而、不过）; even though（虽然、即使）; independent of（不管）; despite that（尽管、不管）; in spite of that（尽管、不管）; regardless of（不管）; yet...（然而、但是）; and yet（可是、然而）; but unless（除非）. 4) 并列关系：

and; also; too; as well as（也；和…一样；不但…而且）; either...，or...（不是…就是…；或者…或者…）; both...and... 5) (补充)递进关系：

furthermore(此外、而且); moreover(此外、而且); further（更远地；进一步地；而且）;

In this way（这样）; still（但是；仍然；尽管如此）; not only...but also...; not that…but that…（不是(因为)…而是(因为)…）; in addition (to)（另外，此外（除…之外））; additionally(此外), much more interesting, more specifically（更具体地说）, next（其次；然后）, besides（而且；此外；除…之外）; as far as... （至于，就…而言）；in other words(换句话说); on the one hand...，on the other hand...(一方面，另一方面); even（甚至；即使）; as a popular saying goes...( 常言说); in order to do it...( 为了做这件事); meanwhile(同时); at the same time; accordingly(因此，于是); In the first place...(首先)，in the second place...(其次、第二); equally important(同样重要); of even greater appeal(更吸引). 6) 比较关系：

similarly（同样地）; in like manner（同样地）； in comparison with（与…比较）;

when compared with（当和...相比时）; compared with（与...相比较）; when in fact...（而实际上；但事实上）; like...（如同）; likewise(也；同样地); apart from (doing)...( 除…之外；且不说；); ... rather than...( 而不是；宁可…也不愿)； by doing so(通过这样来做); both…and...; in the same way(同样地；以同样的方式); not only...but (also)； 7) 对照(不同点)：

yet; still（但是；仍然；尽管如此）; notwithstanding(尽管，虽然); rather(宁可);

neither ... nor(既不是…也不是…); although; though; but; however; conversely(相反地);

unlike(和…不同，不像); opposed to(反对); as opposed to(与…截然相反) ; in contrast (to)(与此相反);

on the contrary（正相反）; different from this; nevertheless(然而，不过); contrary to(与…相反); whereas [hwεə'æz] (反之；然而); while(而); but on the other hand(但另一方面). 8) 举例关系：

for example; for instance; in this case(假若这样); namely(也就是；换句话说);

as you know(正如你知道的); as you may say(如你所说); like(像；如同); such as(比如；诸如); a case in point is...( 一个典型的例子); in particular(尤其，特别); put it simply(简单地说); for one thing...首先，for another...其次、第二; as an illustration(作为一个例证), I will say...; a good example (of...)would be...; It is interesting to note that...; in this situation(在这种情况下); take…as example(以……为例); as for(关于，至于); as regards(关于，至于); as to(关于，至于); according to(根据); on this occasion(场合). 9) 强调关系：

in fact; especially; particularly; moreover; naturally(自然地);

what is more important is that…(更重要的是); in reality(实际上；事实上); certainly(当然); of course; indeed(的确); in particular(尤其，特别); not to mention...( 更不必说); believe it or not(信不信由你); undeniably(不可否认地); other thing being equal(另一件是同等的); it is certain／sure that...; to be true(说实话); by definition(明显地); definitely(明确地，肯定地); undoubtedly(无庸置疑地); without a doubt(无疑地); in truth(事实上); in any event(不论怎样); without reservation(毫无保留地); obviously(明显地), not only.. but(also...), both... and... 10) 条件关系：

if; unless; lest(唯恐); provided that(倘若；假如); if it is the case(如果是这样的情况); in this sense(在这一点上，从这点来说); once...(一旦); if possible(如果可能的话); if necessary(如果必要的话); if so(如果是这样的话); if anything(如果有什么区别的话). 11) 归纳总结类：

in other words(也就是说); on the whole(就全体而论); in sum(总而言之); therefore;

hence; in short(总之；简言之); in brief(总之); to sum up(总之；概括地说); in conclusion(总之，综上所述); in summary(总之；概括起来); to conclude(最后); the conclusion can be drawn that... (可以得出的结论); for this reason(为此) 12) 地点关系：

beyond(在...较远的一边); opposite to(在…对面); adjacent to(接近); at the same place; there;

over(从头到尾、在…之上); in the middle; around(在附近、在…周围); in front of; in the distance(在远处); farther(此外；更远地；更进一步地); here and there(各处，到处); above(在……之上；在上面); below(在下面；在…下面);at the right side(在右边);between(在…之间；在中间);on this side(在这边). 13) 目的关系：

for this purpose; in order that; in this way；since; so that; on that account（由于那个缘故）; in case万一、假使；with a view to（鉴于、由于 考虑到）； for the same reason。 14) 重申关系：

in other words（换句话说）; that is to say（就是、即、换言之）; as I have said（就像我说过的）；again；once again（再一次）. 15) 结果关系：

accordingly（因此、于是、相应地）；thus； consequently（所以、因此、结果）； hence； therefore； thereupon（结果、因此）； inevitably（必然地、不可避免地）； under these conditions； as a result；as a consequence（结果、因此）；because; because of; so that; not only...but (also...); so as to（以便，为了）. 16) 顺序关系：

first; second; thirdly; next; then; at the outset(在开始时)，following this; at this time; now;

at this point; after; afterward（以后，后来）; after this; subsequently（随后、其后、后来）; lastly（最后，终于）; finally; consequently（所以、因此、结果）; before this; previously（以前）;

preceding this（precede的ing形式：在...之前）;simultaneously（同时地）; concurrently(同时). 17) 时间关系：

at once（马上，立刻）; immediately; at length（最后，终于）; in the mean time; meanwhile;

at the same time; in the end; then; soon; not long after（不久）; later; at last; finally; some time ago（不久前）at present; all of a sudden（突然地，出乎意料地）; from this time on（从今以后）;

from time to time（不时，有时）; since then; when; whenever; next point（下一点）; a few minutes later; formerly（以前、原来）; as（当…的时候）; once(一旦); since(自…以来、自…以后；); occasionally(偶而); in a moment(一会儿，不久)；

shortly（不久，马上，立刻，简短地）; whereupon（于是、因此）; previously（以前、预先）.

 转折关系

but, however, yet(然而), on the contrary, contrary to, contrarily, by(in) contrast (to), whereas, rather than, instead of, unlike, in fact(effect), actually弱转, conversely

 让步关系

although, much as, though, even though(if), even, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, anyhow(anyway), as, while（虽然、尽管、即使）, still（尽管如此）

 总分关系（举例&总结）

举例：for example、for instance、such as、including

总结：in sum，in general, overall, to sum up，on the whole, generally

 因果关系 because lead to in that ＋句子 表原因 contribute to result in＋名词 （前因后果）

due to thanks to so that owing to＋名词 表原因 such that in order that＋句子 (强调目的、结果的因果)

since now that in view of ever since ＋句子 表原因 in the light of by virtue of ＋名词 鉴于、由于

because of on account of put down to in response to ＋名词 表原因 ascribe to

attribute to

owe to ＋名词 归因于

so thus hence therefore

consequently (as a consequence/ as a result) ＋句子 （因此）

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for, as, as a result of, with（由于，由于某种条件或原因的存在出现了某种结果）

 递进关系

递进词：still、also、indeed、furthermore（进一步）、moreover（而且、此外）、highlighting（突出、强调）、even（甚至、更）、besides(注意区分except), additionally, in addition, what’s more  条件关系

连词：if, provided/providing that, suppose, supposing, in case (of), in the event of, assume, presumably, so long as, unless, only if, when

 并列关系

并列词：and（和）、as well as（也）、likewise（同样的）、while（与此同时）、similarly（类似地）、or（或者）、simultaneously（同时发生地）、meanwhile（同时 ）、in the meantime、neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also、 more…than

常见的10大类逻辑关系及标志词

并列关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语

and, and also, or, neither……nor, either……or, not only……but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same……as;

递进关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语

also, then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more; indeed;

因果关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语

because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…..that, such…..that, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, lest, as a result, for this reason;

转折关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语

but, however, yet, contrarily, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately;

让步关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语

although, though, even though, even if, even, nevertheless, despite, in spite of; regardless of; anyway, anyhow

列举（顺序）关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语

first\\second\\last of all, in the first place\\in the second place\\finally, to begin with\\ to continue, first……then, on one hand……on the other hand, for one thing……for another, one……another, some……others……still others;

对比关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语

while, whereas, as, / rather than, instead of, not….. but;

时间关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语

when, whenever, before, after, since, as, while, until, till, simultaneously, meanwhile, in the meantime,

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at the same time;

条件关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语

if, only if, if only, unless, otherwise, as soon as, as long as, in case, suppose that, supposing that, provided that, providing that, when, whenever, with;

举例关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语

such as, for example, for instance, of (these, those, them), among (these, those, them), to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely;

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