话题复习__八、环境与自然

【话题简介】

随着社会经济的快速发展，社会和谐已提上日程，环境与自然成为人们关注的话题之一。这个话题的容非常广泛，这个话题主要涉及到了“曾经、不曾去过的某地”；“难忘的事件”；“出乎意料的事件”三个子话题的复习，通过对这个话题的复习，将七年级到九年级学过的容用一条主线穿起来，使这个话题更生动、更立体、更完整。 【话题框架】

Living environment Animals and plants 动物和植物 居住环境

Countries and nationalities Mountains and rivers 山川与河流 国家与民族 The environment Seasons and the nature 季节

环境与自然 Ask and give directions 问路指路 Universe 宇宙 Man and nature 人与自然 Environmental protection 环境保护

涉及的单元

七年级上册：Unit4. Where's my schoolbag? 七年级下册: Unit 5 Why do you like pandas?

Unit 8. Is there a post office near here? 八年级上册： Unit4: What's the best movie theater?

八年级下册: Unit 7. What's the highest mountain in the world? Unit 9. Have you ever been to a museum?

九年级全一册: Unit 3. Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? Unit13. We’re trying to save the earth! 【话题词汇】 1. 地点方位

在哪里 在...上 在...下 在...前 在...后 在...对面 在..附近 紧挨着... 在...和...之间 在...旁边 通过 角落 沿着... 转弯 十字路口 的 南方的 西方的 北方的 在...周围

西南方的 东北方的 东南方的 西北方的 街区 在... 左边 在..右边 沿着...直走 向左转 向右转 在第二个拐弯处 祖父母的房间 Lily和Lucy分别的房间 Lily和Lucy共有的房间 在附近地区 在大桥街上 到达 在去...的路上 路过

2. 居住环境

卧室 浴室 厨房 电视机 窗户 警察局 邮电局 医院 银行 公园 饭店 旅馆 街道 投币式 博物馆 百货公司 杂货店 地址 飞机场 车站 电影院 工厂 农场 田地 花园

医院 图书馆 办公室 电影院 邻居 池塘 商店 超市 家乡 厕所

某个地方 任何地方 干净的 肮脏的 安静的 吵闹的 繁忙的 桥 娱乐公园 玩的开心 散步 乘出租车 开车 欢迎到...来 带有花园的房子 最好的电影院 最舒适的座位 靠近家 做某事最好的地方

最差的商店 最便宜的饭店 想，认为 起重要作用 最拥挤的地方 3. 国家与民族

非洲 非洲人的 亚洲 亚洲人 欧洲

欧洲人 美国 美国人的 澳大利亚 澳大利亚人 英国 英国人 加拿大 加拿大人 中国 中国人 法国 法国的 印度 印度人 日本 日本人 俄罗斯 俄罗斯人 首都 国家 乡村 人 西方人 讲英语的国家 南非 其中之一 来自 与...一样大 最古老的国家之一 最多的人口 和...交流 多于 少于 4. 动物与山川 熊猫 动物园 老虎 大象 鲨鱼 狮子 动物 危险 杀害 树木 拯救 深的 保护 政府 水 污染 疾病 自然 野生的 友好的 聪明的 害羞的 吓人的 懒惰的 好玩的 河流 湖泊 有几分无聊的 真的有趣 处于危险中 丢失 由...制成的 大量的 爬山 5. 人与自然

季节 春季 夏季 秋季 冬季 人口 温度 四分之一 地震 环境 木制的 循环 垃圾 底部 有害的 残忍的 渔民 链条 交通方式 塑料 保护 提供 方法 污染 吸烟 温度 起作用 丑陋的 工业 钢铁

对...有害 扔掉 清扫 关掉 砍倒 建立 在...底部 同时 攀登 跑开 充分利用 代替 听说 到目前为止 在...顶端 停止做某事 处于危险之中 采取行动 对...有好处 实现某人的梦想 四分之三 一年到头 死于疾病 最危险的地方 【话题的基本句型】

1. Where______(be) your ruler? It's ______________________.(在椅子下面)

2. Where______(be) my books? They're __________________.(在沙发上) 3.--- Is there a ______________(饭店)near here?

---Yes, there is. Just _______________(沿着...走)the street and _____________(向左转)when you see the library. It's ___________(在右边). 4.--- _______you ever been to a science museum？

---No, I _________________(从未去过) a science museum.

5. Excuse me, Could you tell me _____________(怎样到达)the post office？ 6. --__________ do you like pandas? --Because they’re kind of interesting.

7. --__________ ____________ he like tigers? --Because they’re really scary. 8. --______________ are lions from? --They are from South Africa.

9. --_______the highest mountain in the world? --Qomolangma.

10. --________ ___________ is Qomolangma?

--It’s 8,844,43 meters high. It’s ____________ than any other mountain.

11. The Amazon is _________ ________ ___________ ___________ (第二长的河流) in the world.

12. The Yangtze River is almost ___________ ___________ ____________(与…一样长) the Amazon River.

13. China has __________ __________ __________ (最大的人口数量) in the world. It’s a lot bigger than the _____________ of the US. 【语法整合】

1. 现在完成时态。 2. 宾语从句。 3. 介词用法。

4.形容词、副词的比较级与最高级。 5. 情态动词表推测。 【强化训练】 I. 词汇

根据短文意思和首字母提示完成短文。

Recent years, the environmental problems become worse and worse. What caused the problems? First, people go to work or travel in cars which makes a lot of n____________. Second, people litter everywhere which makes cities d_____________. Third, people cut down trees to make p____________, so there are no more thick f____________. To protect our environment, in my opinion, people should put the r______________ to good use. For example, people can decorate their rooms with old glass b_____________. Besides, we’d better ride bikes instead of d__________. All in all, we should do what we can do to protect the environment. II. 根据情景提示，用恰当的句子填空：

1.你不知道去火车站的路，怎么问：_______________________________________________ 2.有人问你去邮局的路怎么走，你告诉他左走，在第二个路口右拐: ______________________________________________________________________________ 3.有人问你过，你回答说2次，怎样表达: ______________________________________

4.你班上来了一位新同学，你想知道他是否去过，你这样问: ______________________________________________________________________________ 5.有人告诉你，他要去旅行，你想祝福他旅行愉快，怎样表达: ______________________________________________________________________________. III 话题阅读 【阅读指导】：

“环境与自然”是学生很熟悉也很关注的话题，然而，越是熟悉的东西越是难点。有些容似乎合乎逻辑，但有时又违背常理。世界与环境相互依存，但是近年来人们为了自身的发展，破坏了环境，环境问题日益突出。中考阅读理解对本话题考查是通过阅读小短文理解大意，从短文中归纳、分析出环境与世界的关系，以及了解环境对世界的重要性和作用。目的是培养学生的环境意识，提高学生对环境问题的认识。

解题思路：解题时要通读全文，领略文章大意。在理解的基础上，抓住题眼，找准解题方法，进行答题。近几年中考阅读理解关于此话题充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和判断正误题。做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所需信息。其次要注意先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。 (一)主旨概括题

主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。（阅读理解A篇第5题和C篇第5题） (二)细节理解题

细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。三篇阅读理解均有涉及。

A

What does it mean to be green? \"Green\" is more than just a color. It also means taking special steps to protect the environment — the water, the land, and the air we breathe. Why green? Plants are green, and without them the earth wouldn't be such a lovely home for us human beings.

Sometimes people call ours a \"throwaway society\". That means we are always throwing away old things and buying new ones. Many times, if you no longer need something, someone else just might need it. For example , if your brother is old enough not to play with his plastic bike, why not give it to another family who has a little kid so that they don't need to buy one? And one less large plastic toy doesn't need to be produced.

Recycling(回收利用) has never been easier. Many organization will pick it up right in front of your house and some towns even require(要求) it. Tell your mom or dad you want to become Chief , Make sure you encourage everyone in your house to think whether things can be reused or recycled before they're thrown away.

Almost everyone likes traveling. But next time before you travel around the world, take a look at your own backyard. Is there a place where you could plant a tree or put in a little fruit or vegetable garden? If so, get there and get your hands dirty. Then you can watch with pride as your tree takes root, and your garden plants grow into big plants full of ripe, red tomatoes of tiny,

juicy blueberries. Who knew being green would taste so good?

( )1. In the first paragraph, the writer introduces the topic of the passage by __________ . A. telling an interesting story B. explaining the word \"green\" C. giving some special examples

( )2. In a \"throwaway\" society, _________ . A. people shouldn't produce any plastic things B. people can get anything they want from others

C. people always throw away the used things and buy new ones ( )3. To be \"Chief of Recycling\A. recycle things all by yourself

B. ask your family to use the old things all the time C. find a place to keep the things that can be recycled

( )4. You are advised to run a fruit or vegetable garden in order to __________. A. create a green environment B. make a lot of money C. get your hands dirty

( )5. The purpose of the passage is to tell us that __________. A. we must enjoy the nature

B. we had better eat more green food C. we should protect our environment

B

Our factories and homes burn coal and oil. Every year we have forest fires somewhere. Many scientists believe that the climate （气候） is changing.

The earth will perhaps be warmer by about 7 degrees centigrade at the South Pole （南极） and the North Pole. The ice will melt. The sea level rise by about 7 meters. As a result, water will cover cities like London, Tokyo and New York. Some ports and towns along the coasts will disappear under water.

Some other scientists think that the dust, smoke and pollution from coal, wood and oil fires will block out the sunrays. Then the earth will become colder and great sheets of ice will cover Europe and North America.

When chemical （化学物品） in the air mix with rain. We have acid rain. Acid rain can bring us great harm. It destroys （破坏） forests and kills life in lakes and rivers.

People are beginning to see how serious the problem is. They find it important to work with nature instead of against it. They are trying to save the earth in many different ways. But one of the most important things to do is to make people understand that saving the earth is saving ourselves.

( )1. Some scientists believe that_________. A. the earth is growing warmer B. we have to burn down the forests every year C. we can find oil in our forests

( )2. Ice at the pole will _________ if the earth gets warmer.

A. become water and make the sea rise B. cover cities like London and Tokyo C. raise the sea level by 7 degrees ( )3. Acid rain ______.

A. brings great changes in our climate B. will cover Europe and North America C. kills the fish in rivers and lake

( )4. What can we learn from the third paragraph?_________

A. The dust together with pollution from coal, wood and oil fires will bring us more heat from the sun

B. As a result of the dust and pollution from coal, wood and oil fires, the earth will become colder C. According to the scientists, the change in climate hardly has anything to do with the pollution. ( )5. Which statement is TRUE?_______ A. The sea level will rise if the earth gets colder.

B. People have come to know the importance of working with nature.

C. All the scientists agree that our earth is sure to become warmer and warmer. C

Pollution means adding dirty or harmful(有害的) things to land, air, water and so on. As a result, they are no longer pleasant or safe to use. Pollution is bad for animals and plants, and it even makes people’s health in danger. In our daily life, we can see different kinds of pollution in many places. There are three main forms of pollution: land pollution, air pollution and water pollution.

Land pollution is caused by solid waste, such as cans, bottles and some plastic things which aren’t broken down quickly. It makes the environment look very bad. However, air pollution is more serious than land pollution. It is much worse in cities and towns because of the fumes(废气) from traffic and the waste from human activities. When people drive their cars, fumes which are most made up of CO2, NO2 and SO2 are given off. After the gases get into the air, they may mix with clouds. Then they will become some harmful chemicals falling on the ground with rain. It is one of the reasons for soil erosion(土壤侵蚀) which is one example of water pollution.

Various kinds of pollution will cause many health problems. People have realized they must change this serious situation. There are many ways to control pollution. To develop alternative energy(替代能源)is very popular in many countries. China, for example, has made up its mind to be a leader in this field. It is trying hard to make full use of energy from the sun and wind. It has paid plenty of money to make electric cars and trains instead of traditional traffic. We should also take action to make our environment cleaner every day. Take cloth bags while going shopping and drive cars less. We have only one earth. We must take small steps now to help protect our environment for the future wherever we are.

( )1. The underlined word “solid” in the passage means “________”in Chinese. A. 气体 B. 液体 C. 固体

( )2. When people live in a polluted area, ________. A. they will control the use of alternative energy B. their health will be in danger

C. they will get stronger and stronger

( )3. Picture ________ tells us how harmful chemicals pollute our environment.

( )4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. There are only three forms of pollution.

B. China doesn’t want to develop other kinds of energy. C. Water pollution includes soil erosion.

( )5.The main idea of this passage should be ________.

A. to introduce the kinds of pollution and the ways to control it B. to introduce the harmful chemicals and soil erosion

C. to introduce the alternative energy and the ways to use it

IV 话题写作 【写作指导】：

环境保护问题是当今社会人们关注的热点，也成为中考英语的热门话题，出现频率高，难度较大，需要我们重点掌握。写倡议书是很常见的书面表达考查形式。倡议书的主体部分包括倡议的原因与目的；倡议的容与具体措施；表达倡议者的决心与愿望等。语言要求有号召力。可分三步进行写作。第一步；开篇点题，强调环保的重要性；第二步：展开表述：保护环境的一些具体措施；第三步：结尾综述：倡议行动起来，保护环境。

【常用句型】： 开头句：

1. It’s everyone’s duty to love and protect the environment. 2. It is very important to take care of our environment. 中间句：

1. We should not throw litter onto the ground. 2. It is very important to take care of our environment. 3. We should not spit in a public place/cut down the trees. 4. We must pick up some rubbish and throw it into a dustbin. 5. Trees are very helpful and important for us.

6. Many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted. Something must be done to stop the pollution. 7. We are supposed to plant more and more trees in order to live better and more healthily in the future.结尾句：

1. Everyone should protect the environment. And the world will become much more beautiful. 2. If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. 【文欣赏】：

假如你是华，准备以“What Can We Do for the Environment” 为题，写一篇保护环境的英语倡议书。容包含：

1.在购物时用布袋子替代塑料袋;

2.尽可能地再利用使用过的课本; 3.离开教室应关灯;

4.最好走路或骑自行车上学;

5.简述理由：保护环境，减少污染，节约能源等 注意：

1.词数：80词左右。

2.文章中不能出现真实和校名。

参考词汇：布袋子cloth bag塑料袋plastic bag保护protect能源energy课本textbook

What Can We Do for the Environment

Hello， everyone. I’m Li Hua. It’s nice to speak about what we can do for the environment， and I think each of us can do a little bit to help with this problem.

The first thing we can do is to use cloth bags instead of plastic bags when we go shopping. It helps to protect the environment. The second thing we can do is to reuse the old textbooks as possible as we can. We should also never forget to turn off the lights when we leave the classrooms in order to save energy. What’s more， it would be better if we walk or ride a bike to school. We should try our best to reduce pollution and waste.

In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. I believe we can make the world a better place to live in. Thank you for your listening！ 【文点评】：①开篇直接讲出文章主题：It’s nice to speak about what we can do for the environment.② 第二段为文章的主体分别叙述如何节约能源等。使用了The first thing, the second

thing, What's more等顺序词使文章条理清晰，连贯自然。中间使用了as possible as we can, it would be better, try our best等短语，使行文富于变化，表达多样。③总结全文。make a real difference

等短语的使用，增加了文章的亮点。 【写作训练】：

我们的水资源严重缺乏。请你以Saving Water 为题用英语写一篇倡议书，投稿给贵校的英文校报，容包括：1. 水的重要性；2. 人们浪费水、污染水的不良现象；3. 提出几条建议。 要求： 1. 词数：100词左右； 2. 文中不得出现真实的、校名等

参考词汇： be short of (缺乏) ，tap (水龙头)， reuse, recycle Saving water ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________