清华大学 考博英语真题 完形填空部分

2006 年

Part Ⅳ Cloze (10%)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third 61 element to consider the role of government. Government has a powerful 62 on the economy in at least four ways: Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system 63 the entire nation, as is the large and complex military establishment. Conversely, the construction and 64 of most highways, the 65 of the individual states, and the public educational systems, despite a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily 66 or by county or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation 67 are also the responsibilities of local government. Regulation and Control. The government regulates and

controls private 68 in many ways, for the 69 of assuring that business serves the best 70 of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted a 71 , such as in telephone or electric service, or in other areas where there is limited competition, as with railroads or airlines. Public policy permits such companies to make a reasonable 72 , but limits their ability to raise prices 73 , since the public depends on their services. Often control is 74 to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug Administration bans harmful drugs, or requires standards of 75 in food. In other industries, government sets guidelines to ensure fair competition without using direct control. Stabilization and Growth. Branches of government, including Congress and such entities as the Federal Reserve Board, attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust, of inflation and depression, by 76 tax rates, The money supply, and the use of credit. They can also 77 the economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself. Direct Assistance. The government provides many kinds of help to 78 and individuals. For example, tariffs 79 certain products to remain relatively free of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed so that American products are able to 80 better with certain foreign goods. Government supports individuals who cannot adequately care for themselves, by making grants to working parents with dependent children, by providing medical care for the aged and the indigent, and through social welfare system. 61.A.economy B. horror C. magnifier D. element 62.A.elevation B. emotion C. effect D. election 63.A.dripping B. serving C. diverging D. clamping 64.A.clearance B. combustion C. commence D. maintenance 65.A.commonplace B. responsibility C. conductivity D. consequence 66.A.consoled B. compacted C. paid D. bracketed 67.A.services B. boycotts C. budgets D. charters 68.A.banquet B. boom C. arena D. enterprise 69.A.assertion B. purpose C. asset D. assumption 70.A.admiration B. interests C .adoption D. accuracy 71.A.monopoly B. acceptance C. abolition D. morality 72.A.proximity B. blend C. breast D. profit

73.A.fairly 74.A.exercised 75.A.faculty 76.A.applauding 77.A.affect 78.A.beverage 79.A.perplex 80.A.compensate 61、D 62、C 63、B 64、D 65、B 66、C 67、A 68、D 69、B 70、B 71、A 72、D 73、B 74、A 75、C 76、D 77、A 78、B 79、B 80、D

B. unfairly B. broadened B. quantity B. assessing B. accommodate B. businesses B. permit B. confront C. friendly C. bankrupted C. quality C. ascending C. adhere C. bondage C. perturb C. console D. unnecessarily

D. exemplified D. fragment D. adjusting D. affirm D. botany D. plunder D. compete

2007 年

Part IV Cloze (10%)

Directions：There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B，C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Sea rise as a consequence of global warming would immediately threaten that large fraction of the globe living at sea level. Nearly one-third of all human beings live within 36 miles of a coastline. Most of the world’s great seaport cities would be 56 : New Orleans , Amsterdam, Shanghai, and Cairo. Some countries — Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, islands in the Pacific — would be inundated. Heavily populated coastal areas such as in Bangladesh and Egypt, 57 large populations occupy low-lying areas, would suffer extreme 58 .

Warmer oceans would spawn stronger hurricanes and typhoons, 59 in coastal flooding, possibly swamping valuable agricultural lands around the world 60 water quality may result as 61 flooding which forces salt water into coastal irrigation and drinking, water supplies, and irreplaceable，natural 62 could be flooded with ocean water，destroying forever many of the 63 plant and animal species living there.

Food supplies and forests would be 64 affected Changes in rainfall patterns would disrupt agriculture. Warmer temperatures would 65 grain-growing regions pole-wards. The warming would also increase and change the pest plants，such as weeds and the insects 66 the crops.

Human health would also be affected Warming could 67 tropical climate bringing with it yellow fever, malaria，and other diseases. Heat stress and heat mortality could rise. The harmful 68 of localized urban air pollution would very likely be more serious in warmer 69 . There will be some 70 from warming. New sea-lanes will open in the Arctic, longer growing seasons further north will 71 new agricultural lands，and warmer temperature will make some of today’s colder regions more 72 . But these benefits will be in individual areas. The natural systems — both plant and animal—will be less able than man to cope and 73 . Any change of temperature, rainfall，and sea level of the magnitude now 74 will be destructive to natural systems and living things and hence to man as well.

The list of possible consequences of global warming suggests very clearly that we must do everything we can now to understand its causes and effects and to take all measures possible to prevent and adapt to potential and inevitable disruptions 75 by global warming.

56. A. ascended B. assaulted C. erased D. endangered 57. A. which B. where C. when D. what 58. A. dislocation B. discontent C. distribution D. distinction 59. A. rebuking B. rambling C resulting D. rallying 60. A. Increased B. Reduced C. Expanded D. Saddened 61. A. inland B. coastal C. urban D. suburban 62. A. dry-land B. mountain C. wetlands D. forest 63. A. unique B. precious C. interesting D. exciting 64. A, geologically B. adversely C. secretively D. serially 65. A. shift B. generate C. grease D. fuse 66. A. hiking B. hugging C. attacking D. activating 67. A. endanger B. accommodate C. adhere D. enlarge 68. A. profits B. values C. effects D. interests 69. A. conditions B. accommodation C. surroundings D. evolution 70. A. adjustments B. benefits C. adoptions D. profits 71. A. alternate B. abuse C. advocate D. create 72. A. accidental B. habitable C. anniversary D. ambient 73. A. adapt B. alleviate C. agitate D. assert 74. A. ascertained B. conformed C. consoled D. anticipated 75. A. tutored B. relayed C. triggered D. reflected

2008年

Part Ⅳ Cloze (10%)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

The changes in globally averaged temperature that have occurred at the Earth’s surface over the past century are similar in size and timing to those 61 by models that take into account the combined influences of human factors and solar variability.

To 62 the question of attribution requires the 63 of more powerful and complex

methods，beyond the use of global averages alone. New studies have focused on 64 maps or patterns of temperature change in 65 and in models. Pattern analysis is the climatologically equivalent of the more comprehensive tests in the medical analogy mentioned 66 , and makes it possible to achieve more definitive 67 of the observed climate changes to a particular cause or causes.

The expected influence of human activities is thought to be much more complex than uniform warming over the entire surface of the Earth and over the whole 68 cycle. Patterns of change over space and time therefore provide a more powerful 69 technique. The basic idea 70 pattern-based approaches is that different 71 causes of climate change have different characteristic patterns of climate response or fingerprints. Attribution studies seek to 72 a fingerprint match between the patterns of climate change 73 by models and those actually observed.

The most recent assessment of the science suggests that human activities have led to a discernible 74 on global climate and that these activities will have an increasing influence on future climate. The burning of coal, oil and natural gas, as well as various agricultural and industrial practices, are 75 the composition of the atmosphere and contributing to climate change. These human activities have led to increased atmospheric 76 of a number of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane and so on in the lower atmosphere.

Human activities, such as the burning of fossil, have also increased the 77 of small particles in the atmosphere. These particles can change the 78 of energy that is absorbed and reflected by the atmosphere. They are also believed to modify the 79 of air and clouds, changing the amount of energy that they absorb and reflect. Intensive studies of the climatic effects of these particles began only recently and the overall 80 is uncertain. It is likely that the net effect of these small particles is to cool the climate and to partially offset the warming of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases.

61. A. incensed B. personify C. interact D. predicted 62. A. array B. ascertain C. probe D. perturb 63. A. application B. integration C. avenge D. intervene 64. A. conforming B. comparing C. biding D. budgeting 65. A. junctions B. junctures C. obligations D. observations 66. A. optionally B. ornamentally C. previously D. predicatively 67. A. attribution B. autonomy C. indication D. induction 68. A. immune B. seasonal C. formidable D. perceptible 69. A. analysis B. disposal C. antigen D. disincentive 70. A. avenging B. underestimating C. ascending D. underlying 71. A. potential B. respectable C. secretive D. sturdy 72. A. weary B. obtain C. wink D. retard 73. A. oriented B. kenned C. predicted D. lapsed 74. A. modification B. nomination C. penetration D. influence 75. A. paving B. altering C. retreating D. saluting 76. A. stabilities B. popularities C. concentrations D. hierarchies 77. A. abundance B. hemisphere C. fixture D. distress 78. A. burial B. argumentation C. legislation D. amount 79. A. disposals B. properties C. certainties D. blends

80. A. calculation

B. assignment C. budget D. effect